{"id":104716,"date":"2026-09-13T06:48:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T22:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/104716.html"},"modified":"2026-09-13T06:48:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T22:48:59","slug":"c-%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e5%af%b9%e9%bd%90%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%a1%ac%e4%bb%b6%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87%e5%88%b0%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/104716.html","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u6548\u7387\u5230\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u5374\u53c8\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u51fa\u53d1&#xff0c;\u9010\u6b65\u8bb2\u89e3\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f18\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h3>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u662f\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5373\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a 4 \u5b57\u8282\u7684 int \u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5176\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u662f 4 \u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u5e76\u975e C&#043;&#043; \u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002CPU \u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u9010\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5b57&#xff08;word&#xff09;\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b57\u957f\u4e3a 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 8 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94 32 \u4f4d\u548c 64 \u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u786c\u4ef6\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6839\u6e90<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 CPU \u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 8 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5b57&#xff0c;CPU \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u62fc\u63a5\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u957f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a int \u53d8\u91cf\u6070\u597d\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5b57&#xff0c;CPU \u9700\u8981\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57&#xff0c;\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u4f4d\u548c\u62fc\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 int \u503c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u9f50\u540e\u7684 int \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u5bf9\u672a\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u65e9\u671f\u7684 ARM \u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u90e8\u5206 RISC \u67b6\u6784\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u5bf9\u9f50\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u867d\u7136 x86 \u67b6\u6784\u5bf9\u672a\u5bf9\u9f50\u8bbf\u95ee\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u81ea\u52a8\u63d2\u5165\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u8282&#xff08;padding&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5f80\u5f80\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u5bf9\u9f50\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u57fa\u672c\u5bf9\u9f50\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42&#xff08;alignment requirement&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>char \u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>short \u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>int \u548c float \u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a 4 \u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>double \u548c long long \u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4.2 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u6309\u7167\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5176\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct Example {<br \/>\n    char  a;   \/\/ 1 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n    int   b;   \/\/ 4 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n    char  c;   \/\/ 1 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6210\u5458 a \u5360\u7528\u7b2c 0 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u968f\u540e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u586b\u5145 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u6210\u5458 b \u4ece\u7b2c 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6210\u5458 c \u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a 4&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u9700\u8981\u662f 4 \u7684\u500d\u6570&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u672b\u5c3e\u518d\u586b\u5145 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8 sizeof(Example) \u4e3a 12 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNjUyNi5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNjEzMi5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNjEyNC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNTU5OC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNTQ5Ny5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNjIxMS5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNTQ5Mi5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNjA0NC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNTU4OC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQ1ODA3NDU4Lzc0NDMzNTU4My5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODMyNC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODMyMy5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODMyMS5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODEyOC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODMxNy5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzNzc4Mi5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODEyMC5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzNzc3My5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzNzE5Ni5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/tv.sohu.com\/v\/dXMvNDQwOTYxMzE1Lzc0NDMzODEwOS5zaHRtbA&#061;&#061;.html<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u6210\u5458\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u5458\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5c06\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5458\u653e\u5728\u524d\u9762&#xff0c;\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u653e\u5728\u540e\u9762&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u4f18\u5316\u524d&#xff1a;12 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\nstruct Before {<br \/>\n    char  a;<br \/>\n    int   b;<br \/>\n    char  c;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u4f18\u5316\u540e&#xff1a;8 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\nstruct After {<br \/>\n    int   b;<br \/>\n    char  a;<br \/>\n    char  c;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d&#xff0c;int \u6210\u5458 b \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a char \u6210\u5458\u4f9d\u6b21\u6392\u5217\u5728\u7b2c 4 \u548c\u7b2c 5 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u672b\u5c3e\u586b\u5145 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff0c;\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u4f7f\u7528 pragma pack \u8c03\u6574\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u6216\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pragma pack \u6307\u4ee4\u4e34\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#pragma pack(push, 1)<br \/>\nstruct PackedHeader {<br \/>\n    char  version;   \/\/ 1 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n    int   length;    \/\/ 4 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n    short flags;     \/\/ 2 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n};<br \/>\n#pragma pack(pop)<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 pack(1) \u540e&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0d\u518d\u63d2\u5165\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u6210\u5458\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 7 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff0c;\u7d27\u51d1\u5e03\u5c40\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u672a\u5bf9\u9f50\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u5931&#xff0c;\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. C&#043;&#043;11 \u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 alignof \u4e0e alignas<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 alignof \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u548c alignas \u8bf4\u660e\u7b26&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;cstddef&gt;<\/p>\n<p>struct alignas(16) AlignedStruct {<br \/>\n    int x;<br \/>\n    int y;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>int main() {<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5bf9\u9f50: &#034; &lt;&lt; alignof(int) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u9f50: &#034; &lt;&lt; alignof(AlignedStruct) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f: &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(AlignedStruct) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br \/>\n    return 0;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>alignas(16) \u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6309 16 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5728 SIMD \u6307\u4ee4\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 alignas \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528 SIMD \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6&#xff08;\u5982 SSE\u3001AVX&#xff09;\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u9f50\u5230 16 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 32 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 alignas \u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u52a8\u6001\u6216\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>alignas(32) float data[1024];<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u7ec4 data \u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u662f 32 \u7684\u500d\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684 SIMD \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e0e\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 CPU \u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u884c&#xff08;cache line&#xff09;\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 64 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab&#xff08;false sharing&#xff09;\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u9f50\u907f\u514d\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9ad8\u9891\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u9f50\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u884c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab\u3002C&#043;&#043;17 \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 hardware_destructive_interference_size \u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;new&gt;<\/p>\n<p>struct alignas(std::hardware_destructive_interference_size) AtomicCounter {<br \/>\n    std::atomic&lt;int&gt; value;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a AtomicCounter \u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u72ec\u5360\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u884c&#xff0c;\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u786c\u4ef6\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6865\u6881\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u9f50\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5728\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fe1\u4efb\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u4f7f\u7528 pragma pack\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u5458\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u586b\u5145\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6d89\u53ca SIMD\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528 alignas \u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528 pragma pack \u5e76\u505a\u597d\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u638c\u63e1\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff0c;\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u5f15\u8a00\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u662f C \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u5374\u53c8\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u51fa\u53d1&#xff0c;\u9010\u6b65\u8bb2\u89e3\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f18\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u30022. 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