{"id":104481,"date":"2026-09-12T14:57:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T06:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/104481.html"},"modified":"2026-09-12T14:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T06:57:08","slug":"linux-%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e9%94%81%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0-%c2%b7-%e4%b8%93%e6%a0%8f%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/104481.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u5185\u6838\u9501\u673a\u5236:\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0 \u00b7 \u4e13\u680f\u76ee\u5f55"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u4e13\u680f\u4ee5&#034;\u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u79cd\u9501,\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0&#034;\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf,\u4ece\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c\u51fa\u53d1,\u9010\u5c42\u5411\u4e0a:\u5148\u8bb2\u4e0d\u7761\u7720\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u7c7b\u9501(spinlock\/qspinlock\/qrwlock\/osq_lock),\u518d\u8bb2\u53ef\u963b\u585e\u7684\u7761\u7720\u7c7b\u9501(mutex\/rwsem),\u6700\u540e\u843d\u5230\u65e0\u9501\u4e0e\u7279\u5316\u539f\u8bed(ww_mutex\/seqcount)\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u7edf\u4e00\u56de\u7b54\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5b88\u62a4\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5b83\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0(\u6e90\u7801\u7ea7)\u3001\u8bef\u7528\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u672c\u4e13\u680f\u4e0e\u300aMMU Notifier \u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u4e92\u4e3a\u5730\u57fa\u4e0e\u7528\u4f8b:\u901a\u7528\u9501\u539f\u7406\u5728\u6b64,GPU\/HMM \u573a\u666f\u5e94\u7528\u89c1 mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206:\u5730\u57fa<\/h4>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u9501\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e24\u5757\u57fa\u77f3\u4e0a:\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u8bc1&#034;\u8bfb-\u6539-\u5199&#034;\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272,\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c\u7ea6\u675f\u591a\u6838\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3 acquire\/release \u8bed\u4e49,\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u628a\u9501\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u901a\u8bfb\u5168\u4e13\u680f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c:\u4e00\u5207\u9501\u7684\u5730\u57fa<\/td>\n<td>atomic_t\/atomic64_t \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001READ_ONCE\/WRITE_ONCE\u3001smp_mb\/rmb\/wmb\u3001acquire\/release\/fence \u8bed\u4e49,\u4ee5\u53ca&#034;\u9501 &#061; \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c &#043; \u5c4f\u969c &#043; \u7b49\u5f85\u7b56\u7565&#034;\u7684\u603b\u7eb2\u3002\u6e90\u7801:include\/linux\/atomic.h\u3001Documentation\/memory-barriers.txt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206:\u81ea\u65cb\u7c7b(\u4e0d\u7761\u7720)<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u6781\u77ed\u3001\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7761\u7720\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587(\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u533a)\u65f6,\u5e94\u5f53\u81ea\u65cb\u800c\u975e\u7761\u7720\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u6700\u6734\u7d20\u7684 spinlock \u8bb2\u5230 qspinlock \u5982\u4f55\u7528 MCS \u961f\u5217\u6d88\u9664\u591a\u6838 cache-line \u4e89\u7528,\u518d\u770b\u8bfb\u5199\u81ea\u65cb\u9501 qrwlock \u4e0e\u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5e95\u5ea7 osq_lock\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>spinlock \u4e0e qspinlock:\u4ece\u6d4b\u8bd5-\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230 MCS \u961f\u5217<\/td>\n<td>spinlock_t \u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e0d\u7761\u7720\u7ea6\u675f,qspinlock \u7684\u56db\u5b57\u8282\u72b6\u6001\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e MCS \u961f\u5217\u5982\u4f55\u628a&#034;\u6240\u6709 CPU \u4e89\u4e00\u6761 cache line&#034;\u964d\u4e3a&#034;\u5404\u81ea\u81ea\u65cb\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8282\u70b9&#034;\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/spinlock.c\u3001kernel\/locking\/qspinlock.c\u3001kernel\/locking\/mcs_spinlock.h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>rwlock \u4e0e qrwlock:\u8bfb\u8005\u5199\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6743\u8861<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u81ea\u65cb\u9501,qrwlock \u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u8ba1\u6570\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e\u5199\u8005\u4f18\u5148\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5199\u8005\u9965\u997f\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/qrwlock.c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>osq_lock:\u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb\u961f\u5217<\/td>\n<td>MCS \u53d8\u4f53,mutex\/rwsem \u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u5e95\u5ea7:\u6301\u9501\u8005\u4ecd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6392\u961f\u81ea\u65cb\u800c\u975e\u7acb\u5373\u7761\u7720,\u517c\u987e\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/osq_lock.c\u3001kernel\/locking\/mcs_spinlock.h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206:\u7761\u7720\u7c7b(\u53ef\u963b\u585e)<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u8f83\u957f\u3001\u6216\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5185\u9700\u8981\u963b\u585e(\u7b49 I\/O\u3001\u7b49 DMA\u3001\u62ff\u5176\u5b83\u7761\u7720\u9501)\u65f6,\u5e94\u5f53\u7761\u7720\u8ba9\u51fa CPU\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u62c6\u89e3\u4e24\u628a\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7761\u7720\u9501:mutex \u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb &#043; handoff \u9632\u9965\u997f,\u4ee5\u53ca rwsem \u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u8ba1\u6570\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e writer \u5077\u9501\u2014\u2014\u540e\u8005\u6b63\u662f mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f\u9644\u7bc7\u91cc drm_gpusvm \u90a3\u628a notifier_lock \u7684\u672c\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>mutex:\u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0e handoff<\/td>\n<td>mutex \u7684 owner \u6307\u9488 &#043; MUTEX_FLAG \u4f4e\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\u81ea\u65cb(\u6301\u9501\u8005\u5728\u8dd1\u5c31\u81ea\u65cb)\u3001handoff \u673a\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u957f\u671f\u9965\u997f\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/mutex.c\u3001kernel\/locking\/mutex.h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>rwsem:\u8bfb\u5199\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e\u5077\u9501<\/td>\n<td>count \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8ba1\u6570\/\u5199\u8005\u4f4d\/\u7b49\u5f85\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801\u3001writer \u4e50\u89c2\u5077\u9501\u3001\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u5199\u8005\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002\u547c\u5e94 mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f\u9644\u7bc7\u300adrm_gpusvm \u7684 notifier_lock \u6df1\u89e3\u300b\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/rwsem.c\u3001include\/linux\/rwsem.h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206:\u65e0\u9501\u4e0e\u7279\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u8df3\u51fa&#034;\u4e92\u65a5&#034;\u8303\u5f0f:ww_mutex \u89e3\u51b3&#034;\u4e00\u6b21\u8981\u62ff\u591a\u628a\u9501&#034;\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d,\u662f DRM\/dma-resv \u4e0e GPU \u663e\u5b58\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u57fa\u77f3;seqcount \u5219\u7528\u5e8f\u53f7\u78b0\u649e\u91cd\u8bd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bfb\u4fa7\u51e0\u4e4e\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5,\u4e0e mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u7684 invalidate_seq \u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>ww_mutex:wound\/wait \u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u9501\u83b7\u53d6\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5(wound-wait),ww_acquire_ctx \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001-EDEADLK \u56de\u9000\u91cd\u8bd5,\u76f4\u8fde DRM dma_resv \u4e0e GPU \u663e\u5b58\u9a71\u9010\u3002\u6e90\u7801:kernel\/locking\/ww_mutex.h\u3001kernel\/locking\/ww_rt_mutex.c\u3001kernel\/locking\/test-ww_mutex.c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>seqlock \u4e0e seqcount:\u5e8f\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\u4fa7 begin\/retry \u78b0\u649e\u91cd\u8bd5\u3001\u5199\u4fa7\u5947\u5076\u5e8f\u53f7\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c\u914d\u5bf9,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e0e mmu-notifier invalidate_seq \u7684\u540c\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6e90\u7801:include\/linux\/seqlock.h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u6269\u5c55\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64,\u6838\u5fc3\u516b\u7bc7\u5df2\u6cbf&#034;\u5730\u57fa \u2192 \u81ea\u65cb\u7c7b \u2192 \u7761\u7720\u7c7b \u2192 \u65e0\u9501\u4e0e\u7279\u5316&#034;\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u5e72\u8d70\u901a,\u5e76\u5728 GPU\/HMM \u573a\u666f\u843d\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u4e3b\u5e72\u4e3a\u6c42\u805a\u7126,\u523b\u610f\u640c\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e09\u6761\u652f\u7ebf:\u7761\u7720\u9501\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u524d\u8eab\u3001\u6bd4&#034;\u91cd\u8bd5&#034;\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u8303\u5f0f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca&#034;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u9501&#034;\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u6269\u5c55\u7bc7\u6b63\u662f\u6765\u8865\u9f50\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7559\u767d\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u90fd\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u7ae0\u8282\u5ef6\u4f38\u800c\u51fa,\u4e0d\u518d\u4ece\u96f6\u94fa\u9648,\u800c\u662f\u56de\u7b54&#034;\u5728\u4e3b\u5e72\u4e4b\u5916,\u5b83\u591a\u8865\u4e86\u54ea\u4e00\u5757&#034;:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ae0\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u7761\u7720\u9501<\/td>\n<td>semaphore:\u6700\u6734\u7d20\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>kernel\/locking\/semaphore.c,\u65e0 owner \u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf,\u5bf9\u6bd4 mutex(\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0)\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u6536\u53e3&#034;\u540d\u5b57\u8bef\u4f1a&#034;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u9501<\/td>\n<td>RCU \u4e0e SRCU \u7efc\u8ff0<\/td>\n<td>kernel\/rcu\/,\u5bbd\u9650\u671f\u8bed\u4e49,\u8865\u4e0a seqcount(\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0)&#034;\u542b\u6307\u9488\u987b\u53e0\u52a0 RCU&#034;\u7684\u4f0f\u7b14,\u6df1\u6316\u56de\u6307 mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f 12.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<td>lockdep \u6b7b\u9501\u68c0\u6d4b\u539f\u7406<\/td>\n<td>kernel\/locking\/lockdep.c,\u6301\u6709\u94fe\u4e0e\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b,\u524d 12 \u7ae0&#034;\u8bef\u7528\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5&#034;\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u5f15\u64ce,\u56de\u6307 mmu-notifier \u4e13\u680f 12.7 \u7684\u4f2a\u9501<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<td>locktorture:\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>kernel\/locking\/locktorture.c,\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u628a\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b63\u786e,\u547c\u5e94 ww_mutex(\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0)\u7684 test-ww_mutex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5&#034;\u4ece\u5730\u57fa\u5230\u7279\u5316&#034;\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7,\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7ae0\u5e8f\u901a\u8bfb:\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u9501\u7684\u524d\u63d0,\u7b2c 2\u20136 \u7ae0\u662f\u4e3b\u5e72,\u7b2c 7\u20138 \u7ae0\u8fde\u63a5 GPU\/HMM \u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u7bc7\u884c\u6587\u8303\u5f0f\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a&#034;\u5b88\u62a4\u4ec0\u4e48 \/ \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5b83 \/ \u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0 \/ \u8bef\u7528\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u4e13\u680f\u4e0e\u300aMMU Notifier \u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u4e92\u8bbe\u5f15\u7528:rwsem(\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0)\u2194 mmu-notifier \u9644\u7bc7 notifier_lock;seqcount(\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0)\u2194 mmu-notifier \u7b2c 3 \u7ae0;ww_mutex(\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0)\u2194 GPU 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