{"id":103803,"date":"2026-09-11T10:49:01","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T02:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/103803.html"},"modified":"2026-09-11T10:49:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T02:49:01","slug":"%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e6%ad%bb%e9%94%81%e6%b5%85%e8%b0%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/103803.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b7b\u9501\u6d45\u8c08"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6b7b\u9501\u539f\u56e0<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u5165\/\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u9501&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u53ef\u91cd\u5165\u9501&#xff08;\u5982\u666e\u901a std::mutex&#xff09;\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u52a0\u9501\u65f6\u88ab\u6c38\u4e45\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9501\u672a\u91ca\u653e\/\u9057\u6f0f\u89e3\u9501&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b1\u5fd8\u8bb0\u89e3\u9501\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b2\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0a\u9501&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6b7b\u9501<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u975e\u5b89\u5168\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff08;\u9501\u88ab\u6c38\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u9501&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u5f53\u5b83\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u88ab\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u6d88\u6389&#xff1b;\u6b64\u65f6\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u9501&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0a\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u53d1\u751f<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u9501\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u89c1&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u5148\u9501\u95011\u518d\u9501\u95012&#xff1b;\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u5148\u9501\u95012\u518d\u9501\u95013&#xff0c;\u4e92\u76f8\u6b7b\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6301\u6709\u9501\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528\u672a\u77e5\u56de\u8c03\/\u865a\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;\u5728\u9501\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5185\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u800c\u90a3\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u62ff\u540c\u4e00\u628a\u9501&#xff08;\u6216\u8005\u53e6\u4e00\u628a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u9501&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u52a0\u9501&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u9501\u65f6\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u6253\u65ad&#xff0c;\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u53c8\u53bb\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u628a\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u6b7b\u9501\u56db\u5927\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5\u6761\u4ef6 (Mutual Exclusion)&#xff1a;\u8d44\u6e90\u5177\u6709\u6392\u4ed6\u6027&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u72ec\u5360\u73a9\u5177\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u6761\u4ef6 (Hold and Wait)&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u5403\u7740\u7897\u91cc\u7684&#xff0c;\u770b\u7740\u9505\u91cc\u7684\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u6761\u4ef6 (No Preemption)&#xff1a;\u5df2\u88ab\u7ebf\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u672a\u4e3b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u524d&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u884c\u62a2\u5360&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u786c\u62fd\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6 (Circular Wait)&#xff1a;\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u73af\u5f62\u7b49\u5f85\u94fe&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6b7b\u9501\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e92\u65a5\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82f1\u6587&#xff1a;Mutual Exclusion<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u72ec\u5360\u73a9\u5177<\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u8bdd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u4e00\u628a\u9501\/\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5360\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u9501\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u62ff\u7740&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6392\u961f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u62ff\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82f1\u6587&#xff1a;Hold and Wait<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u5403\u7740\u7897\u91cc\u7684&#xff0c;\u770b\u7740\u9505\u91cc\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u8bdd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u628a\u9501&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u53bb\u7533\u8bf7\u53e6\u4e00\u628a\u9501<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u201c\u79ef\u6728\u201d\u4e0d\u653e&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u53e3\u8981\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d&#xff1b;\u800c\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82f1\u6587&#xff1a;No Preemption<\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u8bdd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u522b\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u5728\u4eba\u5bb6\u6ca1\u4e3b\u52a8\u7528\u5b8c\u653e\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u884c\u4ece\u4eba\u5bb6\u624b\u91cc\u593a\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u62ff\u7740\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u518d\u6025\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u5f3a\u884c\u628a\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d\u786c\u62fd\u8fc7\u6765&#xff0c;\u53ea\u80fd\u50bb\u50bb\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82f1\u6587&#xff1a;Circular Wait<\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u8bdd&#xff1a;\u73af\u5f62\u7b49\u5f85\u94fe<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u62ff\u7740\u201c\u79ef\u6728\u201d&#xff0c;\u5728\u7b49\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u624b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u62ff\u7740\u201c\u753b\u7b14\u201d&#xff0c;\u5728\u7b49\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u624b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u79ef\u6728\u201d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u5bf9\u65b9\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80af\u5148\u653e\u624b&#xff0c;\u4e8e\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u5361\u6b7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u6b7b\u9501\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0e\u9632\u62a4<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u6d88\u6e05\u7406\u4f8b\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5728 POSIX \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5229\u7528 pthread_cleanup_push \u4e0e pthread_cleanup_pop \u6ce8\u518c\u89e3\u9501\u4f8b\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u53d6\u6d88\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<li>RAII \u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u9501&#xff1a;\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 std::lock_guard\u3001std::unique_lock \u6216 std::scoped_lock \u7ba1\u7406\u9501\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u5229\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u9884\u9632\u7b56\u7565&#xff1a;\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u591a\u9501\u83b7\u53d6\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4&#xff1b;\u4f7f\u7528 C&#043;&#043;17 \u7684 std::scoped_lock \u540c\u65f6\u9501\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf&#xff08;\u5185\u90e8\u91c7\u7528 Deadlock-avoidance \u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u91c7\u7528 try_lock \u5e26\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u6d88\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u53d6\u6d88&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u6d88\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u4f8b\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570(\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u4ee5\u5916\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9501)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">routine<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 \u9a6c\u4e0a\u89e3\u9501\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">pthread_mutex_unlock<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token function\">start_routine1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/1.\u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u9501\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u538b\u5165\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6808\u4e2d\u5907\u7528\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">pthread_cleanup_push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>routine<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/2.\u51c6\u5907\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u52a0\u9501<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">pthread_mutex_lock<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/3.\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5982\u679c\u5728\u621110\u79d2\u4e4b\u5185\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88(\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u6d88\u4f8b\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u89e3\u9501)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> cnt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    g_val <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cnt<span class=\"token operator\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;start_routine1 g_val:%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> g_val<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/4. \u89e3\u9501<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ pthread_mutex_unlock(&amp;m);<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token 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