\u672c\u7ae0\u6458\u8981：\u672c\u7ae0\u56f4\u7ed5 Flask \u535a\u5ba2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 API \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6587\u6863\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528 Postman \u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528；\u968f\u540e\u8bb2\u89e3 VS Code REST Client \u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u91cd\u70b9\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u7528 pytest \u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u8986\u76d6\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u63a5\u53e3，\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5f15\u5165 Flasgger（Swagger）\u4e3a API \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6587\u6863，\u5c55\u793a\u96c6\u6210\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u6587\u6863\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5，\u5f3a\u8c03\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5148\u884c（TDD）\u5bf9\u4fdd\u969c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
Postman \u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684 API \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5730\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u3002
\n\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6（Collection）：<\/p>\n
\u628a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u65b9\u4fbf\u53cd\u590d\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n
Environment: Development
\nbase_url = http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000
\napi_version = api\/v1<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42 URL \u5199\u6210 {{base_url}}\/{{api_version}}\/users，\u5207\u6362\u73af\u5883\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5b89\u88c5 Postman，VS Code \u7684 REST Client \u6269\u5c55\u540c\u6837\u597d\u7528\u3002\u521b\u5efa .http \u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42：<\/p>\n
### \u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868
\nGET http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/users?page=1&per_page=5<\/p>\n
### \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237
\nPOST http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/users
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n
{
\n "username": "newuser",
\n "email": "new@example.com",
\n "role": "user"
\n}<\/p>\n
### \u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237
\nGET http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/users\/1<\/p>\n
### \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237
\nPATCH http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/users\/1
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n
{
\n "role": "editor"
\n}<\/p>\n
### \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237
\nDELETE http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/users\/2<\/p>\n
### \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u7ae0
\nPOST http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/posts
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n
{
\n "title": "\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0",
\n "content": "\u8fd9\u662f\u5185\u5bb9…",
\n "user_id": 1
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a ### \u5206\u9694\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u70b9\u51fb\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684 \u201cSend Request\u201d \u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u624b\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u9057\u6f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u9000\u5316\u3002
\n\u5b89\u88c5 pytest：<\/p>\n
pip install<\/span> pytest<\/p>\n \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5：<\/p>\n # tests\/test_user_api.py<\/span> @pytest.<\/span>fixture<\/span> yield<\/span> app<\/p>\n with<\/span> app.<\/span>app_context(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> @pytest.<\/span>fixture<\/span> class<\/span> TestGetUsers<\/span>:<\/span> def<\/span> test_get_all_users<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> client)<\/span>:<\/span> def<\/span> test_pagination<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> client)<\/span>:<\/span> def<\/span> test_search<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> client)<\/span>:<\/span> class<\/span> TestCreateUser<\/span>:<\/span> def<\/span> test_create_success<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> client)<\/span>:<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> pytest
\nimport<\/span> json
\nfrom<\/span> app import<\/span> create_app,<\/span> db
\nfrom<\/span> app.<\/span>models import<\/span> User<\/p>\n
\ndef<\/span> app<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93"""<\/span>
\n app =<\/span> create_app(<\/span>'testing'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n app.<\/span>config[<\/span>'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 'sqlite:\/\/'<\/span> # \u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
\n with<\/span> app.<\/span>app_context(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n db.<\/span>create_all(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e<\/span>
\n user1 =<\/span> User(<\/span>username=<\/span>'user1'<\/span>,<\/span> email=<\/span>'user1@test.com'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n user2 =<\/span> User(<\/span>username=<\/span>'user2'<\/span>,<\/span> email=<\/span>'user2@test.com'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n db.<\/span>session.<\/span>add_all(<\/span>[<\/span>user1,<\/span> user2]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n db.<\/span>session.<\/span>commit(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n
\n db.<\/span>drop_all(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n
\ndef<\/span> client<\/span>(<\/span>app)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> app.<\/span>test_client(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n
\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868"""<\/span><\/p>\n
\n resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>get(<\/span>'\/api\/v1\/users'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> resp.<\/span>status_code ==<\/span> 200<\/span>
\n data =<\/span> resp.<\/span>get_json(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> data[<\/span>'code'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 200<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>data[<\/span>'data'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 2<\/span><\/p>\n
\n resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>get(<\/span>'\/api\/v1\/users?per_page=1'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n data =<\/span> resp.<\/span>get_json(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>data[<\/span>'data'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 1<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> data[<\/span>'pagination'<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>'total'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 2<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> data[<\/span>'pagination'<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>'pages'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 2<\/span><\/p>\n
\n resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>get(<\/span>'\/api\/v1\/users?search=user1'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n data =<\/span> resp.<\/span>get_json(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>data[<\/span>'data'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 1<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> data[<\/span>'data'<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>'username'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'user1'<\/span><\/p>\n
\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237"""<\/span><\/p>\n
\n resp =<\/span> client.<\/span>post(<\/span>'\/api\/v1\/users'<\/span>,<\/span> json=<\/span>{<\/span>
\n 'username'<\/span>:<\/span> 'newuser'<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'email'<\/span>:<\/span> 'new@test.com'<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> resp.<\/span>status_code ==<\/span> 201<\/span>
\n data =<\/span> resp.<\/span>get_json(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n assert<\/span> data[<\/span>'data'<\/span>