{"id":102936,"date":"2026-09-09T18:09:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html"},"modified":"2026-09-09T18:09:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:09:04","slug":"linux%e7%9a%84shell%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e3%80%81%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e3%80%81%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%b8%8e%e7%bb%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%81%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%9b%bf%e6%8d%a2%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux Shell\u7f16\u7a0b｜\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218\u7b14\u8bb0（CentOS7）<\/h2>\n

\u6458\u8981：\u672c\u6587\u4eceshell\u53d8\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u89e3，\u5305\u542b\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001shell\u767b\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001passwd\/shadow\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4e0e\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6267\u884c，\u6574\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8e29\u5751\u70b9\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u2011\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c<\/h2>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u5b58，\u7ec8\u7aef\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002
\n\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d：\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210，\u4e0d\u80fd\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

# \u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c，\u7b49\u53f7\u4e24\u8fb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7a7a\u683c<\/span>
\n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 18<\/span>:14:48]<\/span>$ z<\/span>=<\/span>zhangjunxiang<\/p>\n

# \u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 18<\/span>:14:58]<\/span>$ echo<\/span> $z<\/span>
\nzhangjunxiang<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

\u666e\u901a（\u672c\u5730）\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

# \u5b9a\u4e49\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\nz<\/span>=<\/span>zhangjunxiang<\/p>\n

# \u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u5f53\u524dshell\u751f\u6548，\u5b50shell\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6<\/span>
\nbash<\/span> # \u5f00\u542f\u5b50shell<\/span>
\necho<\/span> $z<\/span> # \u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/span>
\nexit<\/span> # \u9000\u51fa\u5b50shell<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528export\u5c06\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b50shell\u53ef\u7ee7\u627f<\/span>
\nexport<\/span> z
\nbash<\/span>
\necho<\/span> $z<\/span> # zhangjunxiang<\/span>
\nexit<\/span><\/p>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f\u8e29\u5751：\u4e0d\u52a0export，\u5b50shell\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

# \u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5199\u6cd5<\/span>
\nexport<\/span> \u53d8\u91cf\u540d=<\/span>\u503c<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf（PATH\u3001USER\u3001HOSTNAME\u7b49）\u5df2\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9884\u5148export，\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

grep<\/span> export<\/span> \/etc\/profile<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u6301\u4e45\u5316 & shell\u767b\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

login shell \u767b\u5f55\u5f0fshell<\/h4>\n

\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u7684bash\u7ec8\u7aef
\n\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f（\u4ece\u4e0a\u5f80\u4e0b，\u540e\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u9762）<\/p>\n

  • \/etc\/profile \u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • ~\/.bash_profile \u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • ~\/.bashrc<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/bashrc<\/li>\n

    nologin shell \u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fshell<\/h4>\n

    \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801，\u6bd4\u5982\u76f4\u63a5bash\u5f00\u542f\u5b50\u7ec8\u7aef
    \n\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

  • ~\/.bashrc<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/bashrc<\/li>\n

    \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u767b\u5f55\/\u975e\u767b\u5f55shell<\/h4>\n

    # -bash \u4ee3\u8868login；bash\u4ee3\u8868nologin<\/span>
    \n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 18<\/span>:54:18]<\/span>$ echo<\/span> $0<\/span>
    \n-bash<\/span>
    \n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 19<\/span>:01:21]<\/span>$ bash<\/span>
    \n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 19<\/span>:01:23]<\/span>$ echo<\/span> $0<\/span>
    \nbash<\/span><\/p>\n

    💡\u9762\u8bd5\u8003\u70b9：\u60f3\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548，\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6；\u4e34\u65f6export\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n

    # \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237uid\u3001gid\u3001\u9644\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span>
    \nid<\/span> zjx<\/p>\n

    \/etc\/passwd \u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    \u4fdd\u5b58\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f，\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u96947\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n

    #\u683c\u5f0f name:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell<\/span>
    \n[<\/span>zjx@localhost ~ 19<\/span>:01:23]<\/span>$ grep<\/span> zjx \/etc\/passwd
    \nzjx:x:1000:1000:zjx:\/home\/zjx:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

  • name：\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n
  • password：\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26x，\u771f\u6b63\u5bc6\u6587\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/shadow<\/li>\n
  • UID：\u7528\u6237ID<\/li>\n
  • GID：\u4e3b\u7ec4ID<\/li>\n
  • GECOS：\u7528\u6237\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n
  • directory：\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n
  • shell：\u767b\u5f55shell\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n

    \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u81ea \/etc\/skel\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4 useradd \/ usermod \/ userdel<\/h3>\n

    useradd \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n

    # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span>
    \nuseradd<\/span> zzz<\/p>\n

    # \u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span>
    \n# -u \u6307\u5b9aUID；-d \u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55；-g \u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7ec4；-c \u63cf\u8ff0；-s \u6307\u5b9ashell<\/span>
    \nuseradd<\/span> -u<\/span> 6666<\/span> -d<\/span> \/home\/zjx1 -g<\/span> wheel zjx1<\/p>\n

    usermod \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n

    usermod<\/span> -u<\/span> 1234<\/span> zjx # \u4fee\u6539uid<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -g<\/span> dev zjx # \u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u7ec4<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -G<\/span> docker<\/span> zjx # \u8986\u76d6\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4（\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u65e7\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4！）<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -aG<\/span> docker<\/span> zjx # \u8ffd\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4，\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u2011aG<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -c<\/span> "\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8d26\u53f7"<\/span> zjx # \u4fee\u6539\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -md<\/span> \/home\/zjx2 zjx2 # -d\u4fee\u6539\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u2011m\u8fc1\u79fb\u539f\u6709\u6570\u636e<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -s<\/span> \/sbin\/nologin zjx # \u7981\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55shell<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -L<\/span> zjx # \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801，\u7b49\u4ef7 passwd -l<\/span>
    \nusermod<\/span> -U<\/span> zjx # \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801，\u7b49\u4ef7 passwd -u<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f\u9ad8\u9891\u8e29\u5751：usermod -G\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u90e8\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4，\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52a0\u2011a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    userdel \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n

    userdel<\/span> zjx1
    \n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u5982\u9700\u8fde\u5e26\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5220\u9664 userdel -r zjx1<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/etc\/shadow \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    \u5b58\u50a8\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f，\u51719\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5，\u4ec5root\u53ef\u8bfb<\/p>\n

    grep<\/span> zjx \/etc\/shadow
    \nzjx:$6<\/span>$jIxPcfC2<\/span>$t15Qr85DL9m2ui<\/span>.ZhUnKwMpkCxn488YcNZeJjv34GP.A2MgzSP5LN0LhZgWC.QoRo\/6V0Gt6S0JcboMw9J9Tj\/:20704:0:99999:5:10::<\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u6bb5\u542b\u4e49：<\/p>\n

  • \u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n
  • \u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u4e32<\/li>\n
  • \u4e0a\u6b21\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n
  • -m \u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f，n\u5929\u5185\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u5bc6\u7801，0\u4ee3\u8868\u968f\u65f6\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n
  • -M \u6700\u5927\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f，n\u5929\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n
  • -W \u8fc7\u671f\u544a\u8b66\u5929\u6570<\/li>\n
  • -I \u5bc6\u7801\u5bbd\u9650\u5929\u6570，\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u8fd8\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n
  • \u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n
  • \u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n

    # chage \u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u5468\u671f<\/span>
    \nchage -m<\/span> 3<\/span> -M<\/span> 60<\/span> -W<\/span> 5<\/span> -I<\/span> 7<\/span> zjx<\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f\u5927\u5751：usermod -p '123' zjx，-p\u540e\u9762\u9700\u8981\u586b\u5199\u5bc6\u7801\u5bc6\u6587，\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u660e\u6587\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d26\u53f7\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n

    whoami<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u6211\u662f\u8c01<\/span>
    \nwho<\/span> # \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef<\/span>
    \nw # who\u589e\u5f3a\u7248，\u663e\u793a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3001CPU\u5360\u7528\u3001\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 \/etc\/group<\/h3>\n

    \/etc\/group：\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u683c\u5f0f \u7ec4\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26:GID:\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

    grep<\/span> wheel \/etc\/group
    \nwheel:x:10:<\/p>\n

    \u7ec4\u533a\u5206<\/p>\n

  • \u4e3b\u7ec4：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4ec5\u67091\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ec4，\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u9644\u52a0\u7ec4（\u8865\u5145\u7ec4）：\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n

    groupadd \u521b\u5efa\u7ec4<\/h4>\n

    groupadd<\/span> admin
    \ngroupadd<\/span> admin –g<\/span> 2000<\/span> # \u6307\u5b9aGID\u521b\u5efa<\/span><\/p>\n

    groupmod \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4<\/h4>\n

    groupmod<\/span> -n<\/span> newname oldname # \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d<\/span>
    \ngroupmod<\/span> -g<\/span> 2006<\/span> admins # \u4fee\u6539GID<\/span><\/p>\n

    groupdel \u5220\u9664\u7ec4<\/h4>\n

    groupdel<\/span> \u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u628a\u8be5\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ec4，\u8be5\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    groupmems \u7ba1\u7406\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/h4>\n

    groupmems\u53ea\u64cd\u4f5c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458，\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    groupmems -g<\/span> test<\/span> -l<\/span> # \u5217\u51fa\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/span>
    \ngroupmems -g<\/span> test<\/span> -p<\/span> # \u6e05\u7a7a\u5168\u90e8\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/span>
    \ngroupmems -g<\/span> test<\/span> -a<\/span> test2 # \u6dfb\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/span>
    \ngroupmems -g<\/span> test<\/span> -d<\/span> test2 # \u5220\u9664\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/h2>\n

    \u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8f93\u51fa，\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u5f53\u505a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
    \n\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

  • $(command) \u63a8\u8350\u5199\u6cd5<\/li>\n
  • `command` \u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5199\u6cd5<\/li>\n

    # $()<\/span>
    \necho<\/span> "\u4eca\u5929\u65e5\u671f：$(<\/span>date<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u53cd\u5f15\u53f7<\/span>
    \necho<\/span> "\u4eca\u5929\u65e5\u671f："<\/span>`<\/span>date<\/span>`<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 vs \u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/h4>\n\n\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
    \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/td>\n$(cmd)<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4，\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/td>\n${var}<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u503c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    #\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/span>
    \nvar<\/span>=<\/span>$(<\/span>hostname<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    #\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/span>
    \nvar<\/span>=<\/span>abc
    \necho<\/span> ${var}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528（\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891）<\/h4>\n

    # \u5355\u5f15\u53f7：\u539f\u6837\u8f93\u51fa，\u4e0d\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u4f55\u66ff\u6362<\/span>
    \necho<\/span> '$(date)'<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u53cc\u5f15\u53f7：\u5141\u8bb8\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/span>
    \necho<\/span> "$(<\/span>date<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u603b\u7ed3：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5355\u5f15\u53f7 ' '：\u6240\u89c1\u5373\u6240\u5f97，\u539f\u6837\u8f93\u51fa；<\/li>\n
    • \u53cc\u5f15\u53f7 " "：\u89e3\u6790\u53d8\u91cf\u3001$()\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u907f\u5751\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
    • shell\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u7b49\u53f7\u4e24\u8fb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7a7a\u683c；export\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b50shell\u7ee7\u627f\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
    • usermod -G\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4，\u8ffd\u52a0\u6210\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u2011aG\u3002<\/li>\n
    • usermod -p\u63a5\u6536\u5bc6\u6587，\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u586b\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801，\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8d26\u53f7\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n
    • groupmems\u53ea\u7ba1\u7406\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4，\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u7ec4\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5173\u95ed\u89e3\u6790，\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5141\u8bb8$()\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n
    • login shell\u548cnologin shell\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c，\u5199\u6c38\u4e45\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3010\u9762\u8bd5\u901f\u8bb0\u3011<\/h2>\n
    • \u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u5f53\u524dshell\u6709\u6548；export\u5bfc\u51fa\u6210\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b50shell\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \/etc\/passwd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f；\/etc\/shadow\u5b58\u50a8\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801，\u6743\u9650\u4e25\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4：usermod -aG \u7ec4\u540d \u7528\u6237\u540d，\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u2011a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • groupmems\u4ec5\u64cd\u4f5c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5458，\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4f18\u5148\u7528$(cmd)，\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5d4c\u5957\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee；\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u539f\u6837\u8f93\u51fa，\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Linux Shell\u7f16\u7a0b｜\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218\u7b14\u8bb0（CentOS7）
      \n\u6458\u8981：\u672c\u6587\u4eceshell\u53d8\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u89e3，\u5305\u542b\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001shell\u767b\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001passwd\/shadow\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4e0e\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6267\u884c，\u6574\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8e29\u5751\u70b9\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9\u3002
      \n\u4e00\u3001Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u2011\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u5b58，\u7ec8\u7aef\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002
      \n\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d&#x<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[130,58,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-102936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-chrome","tag-linux","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218 - 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\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Linux\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","og_description":"Linux Shell\u7f16\u7a0b｜\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218\u7b14\u8bb0（CentOS7） \u6458\u8981：\u672c\u6587\u4eceshell\u53d8\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u89e3，\u5305\u542b\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001shell\u767b\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001passwd\/shadow\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4e0e\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6267\u884c，\u6574\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8e29\u5751\u70b9\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9\u3002 \u4e00\u3001Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u2011\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u5b58，\u7ec8\u7aef\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002 \u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d&#x","og_url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html","og_site_name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","article_published_time":"2026-09-09T10:09:04+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"admin","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"3 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102936.html","name":"Linux\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u6218 - 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