{"id":102925,"date":"2026-09-09T17:49:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html"},"modified":"2026-09-09T17:49:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:49:05","slug":"linux%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"

su\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

su \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e Switch User（\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237）\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6 root \u6743\u9650\u6216\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\/var\/log\/secure<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

su<\/span> [<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> [<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u540d]<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

1. \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\u547d\u4ee4\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
su<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237，\u4f46\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d root \u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf（\u8def\u5f84\u7b49），\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u53d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
su –<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237，\u5e76\u5b8c\u6574\u52a0\u8f7d root \u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u540c\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55（\/root）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
su – \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237，\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883（\u63a8\u8350）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
su \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237，\u4f46\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

# \u5207\u6362\u5230 root（\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883）<\/span>
\nsu<\/span>
\n# \u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 root \u5bc6\u7801（\u5982\u679c root \u6709\u5bc6\u7801）<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5207\u6362\u5230 root（\u5b8c\u6574\u5207\u6362，\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
\nsu<\/span> –
\n# \u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 root \u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5207\u6362\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 zhang<\/span>
\nsu<\/span> – zhang
\n# \u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 zhang \u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

2. su \u548c su – \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879susu –<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u52a0\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u6301\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PATH \u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 PATH<\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 PATH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n\u274c \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350（\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u5916\u884c\u4e3a）<\/td>\n\u2705 \u63a8\u8350（\u5b8c\u6574\u5207\u6362）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a：<\/p>\n

# \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f zzw，\u5728 \/home\/zzw \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/span>
\n$ pwd<\/span>
\n\/home\/zzw
\n$ su<\/span> user2
\n# \u5207\u6362\u5230 user2，\u4f46\u4ecd\u5728 \/home\/zzw<\/span>
\n$ pwd<\/span>
\n\/home\/zzw<\/p>\n

$ su<\/span> – user2
\n# \u5207\u6362\u5230 user2，\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230 user2 \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
\n$ pwd<\/span>
\n\/home\/user2<\/p>\n

\n

3. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n\n\u9009\u9879\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
– \u6216 -l<\/td>\n\u767b\u5f55 Shell \u5207\u6362（\u5b8c\u6574\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf）<\/td>\nsu – zhang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-c<\/td>\n\u4ee5\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de<\/td>\nsu -c "ls -l \/root"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-s<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Shell<\/td>\nsu -s \/bin\/zsh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-m \u6216 -p<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf（\u4e0d\u91cd\u7f6e）<\/td>\nsu -m user2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

4. \u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

\u2460 \u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h5>\n

su<\/span> –
\n# \u8f93\u5165 root \u5bc6\u7801<\/span>
\n# \u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f root \u4e86<\/span>
\napt<\/span> update &&<\/span> apt<\/span> upgrade -y<\/span>
\nexit<\/span> # \u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2461 \u4ee5 root \u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4（\u4e0d\u5207\u6362）<\/h5>\n

su<\/span> -c<\/span> "ls -la \/root"<\/span>
\n# \u8f93\u5165 root \u5bc6\u7801\u540e，\u4ee5 root \u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c ls，\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2462 \u5207\u6362\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/h5>\n

su<\/span> – zhang
\n# \u8f93\u5165 zhang \u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/span>
\n# \u73b0\u5728\u4ee5 zhang \u8eab\u4efd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
\nexit<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2463 \u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

su<\/span> – zhang -c<\/span> "mkdir \/home\/zhang\/test && echo 'done'"<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

5. su vs sudo<\/h4>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6，\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c：<\/p>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879susudo<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5207\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd，\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4，\u6267\u884c\u540e\u8fd4\u56de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801（\u5982 root \u5bc6\u7801）<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/td>\n\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5207\u6362\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd<\/td>\n\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/td>\n\u8f83\u9ad8（\u66b4\u9732 root \u5bc6\u7801，\u5207\u6362\u540e\u65e0\u9650\u5236）<\/td>\n\u8f83\u4f4e（\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u63d0\u6743，\u53ef\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u2705 \u65e5\u5e38\u63a8\u8350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u65e5\u5e38\u63d0\u6743\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 \u2192 \u7528 sudo<\/li>\n
  • \u4e34\u65f6\u5b8c\u6574\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u73af\u5883 \u2192 \u7528 su -（\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053 root \u5bc6\u7801）<\/li>\n
  • \u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883 \u2192 \u7528 su – \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    6. \u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/sudoers \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237 su？<\/h4>\n

    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u53ea\u6709 wheel \u7ec4（RHEL\/CentOS）\u6216 sudo \u7ec4（Ubuntu）\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c sudo\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 wheel \u7ec4（CentOS\/RHEL）：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> usermod<\/span> -aG<\/span> wheel zhang<\/p>\n

    \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4（Ubuntu\/Debian）：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> usermod<\/span> -aG<\/span> sudo<\/span> zhang<\/p>\n

    \n

    7. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

    Q1：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 su \u63d0\u793a authentication failure？<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u4f46 su \u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237（\u5982 root）\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801，\u6216\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Q2：\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053 root \u5bc6\u7801？<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • \u5982\u679c root \u5bc6\u7801\u672a\u77e5，\u4e14\u4f60\u662f sudo \u7528\u6237，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 sudo -i \u6216 sudo su – \u5207\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        sudo<\/span> -i<\/span> # \u5207\u6362\u5230 root（\u9700\u8981\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801）<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> su<\/span> – # \u540c\u4e0a<\/span><\/p>\n

        Q3：su – \u548c sudo -i \u7684\u533a\u522b？<\/h5>\n
          \n
        • \u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u5207\u6362\u5230 root，\u4f46 su – \u9700\u8981 root \u5bc6\u7801，sudo -i \u9700\u8981\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7528 sudo -i\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n

          \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

          su \u662f\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • su \u5207\u6362\u5230 root（\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883，\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350）<\/li>\n
          • su – \u5b8c\u6574\u5207\u6362\u5230 root（\u63a8\u8350）<\/li>\n
          • su – \u7528\u6237\u540d \u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n
          • su -c "\u547d\u4ee4" \u4ee5\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219： \u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u7528 su -，\u9700\u8981\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7528 sudo\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u5c31\u80fd\u7075\u6d3b\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

            Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n

            \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u662f Linux \u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8c01\u80fd\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

            1. \u6743\u9650\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n

            Linux \u6743\u9650\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4e09\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd + \u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4e09\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd（\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ea7\u522b）：<\/p>\n\n\u8eab\u4efd\u7b26\u53f7\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u6240\u6709\u8005（User）<\/td>\nu<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005，\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 chown \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4（Group）<\/td>\ng<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4，\u7ec4\u5185\u6210\u5458\u5171\u4eab\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba（Others）<\/td>\no<\/td>\n\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650（\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b）：<\/p>\n\n\u6743\u9650\u7b26\u53f7\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u8bfb（Read）<\/td>\nr<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5199（Write）<\/td>\nw<\/td>\n\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\/\u5220\u9664\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u6267\u884c（Execute）<\/td>\nx<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u6587\u4ef6（\u811a\u672c\/\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55（cd）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
            \n

            2. \u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650：ls -l<\/h4>\n

            \u6267\u884c ls -l \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4fe1\u606f：<\/p>\n

            $ ls<\/span> -l<\/span>
            \n-rw-r–r–. 1<\/span> zzw zzw 1024<\/span> Sep 9<\/span> 10<\/span>:00 file.txt
            \ndrwxr-xr-x. 2<\/span> zzw zzw 4096<\/span> Sep 9<\/span> 10<\/span>:00 folder\/<\/p>\n

            \u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62c6\u89e3（\u4ee5 -rw-r–r– \u4e3a\u4f8b）：<\/p>\n

            – rw- r– r–
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u9650 (r–：\u53ea\u8bfb)
            \n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650 (r–：\u53ea\u8bfb)
            \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650 (rw-：\u8bfb\u5199)
            \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b (-：\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6, d：\u76ee\u5f55, l：\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n

            \n

            \"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            3. \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f（\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6743\u9650）<\/h4>\n

            \u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n\n\u6743\u9650\u6570\u5b57\u503c<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            r（\u8bfb）<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            w（\u5199）<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            x（\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u5408：<\/p>\n\n\u6570\u5b57\u6743\u9650\u542b\u4e49\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            7<\/td>\nrwx（\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            6<\/td>\nrw-（\u8bfb\u5199）<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6，\u65e0\u9700\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            5<\/td>\nr-x（\u8bfb\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            4<\/td>\nr–（\u53ea\u8bfb）<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            0<\/td>\n—（\u65e0\u6743\u9650）<\/td>\n\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u4e09\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb： \u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u9650 \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

            chmod<\/span> 755<\/span> file.sh
            \n# 7 = \u6240\u6709\u8005：rwx<\/span>
            \n# 5 = \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4：r-x<\/span>
            \n# 5 = \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba：r-x<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5e38\u89c1\u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u5408\u901f\u67e5：<\/p>\n\n\u6570\u5b57\u542b\u4e49\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            644<\/td>\nrw-r–r–<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6（\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            755<\/td>\nrwxr-xr-x<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\/\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            700<\/td>\nrwx——<\/td>\n\u79c1\u5bc6\u811a\u672c（\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            600<\/td>\nrw——-<\/td>\n\u79c1\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982 SSH \u79c1\u94a5）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            777<\/td>\nrwxrwxrwx<\/td>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u6781\u5ea6\u5371\u9669，\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
            \n

            4. \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

            chmod \u2014 \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n

            \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

            chmod<\/span> u+x file.sh # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> g-w file.txt # \u79fb\u9664\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> o+r file.txt # \u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> a+x script.sh # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（a = u+g+o）<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> a<\/span>=<\/span>rwx file.txt #\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6743\u9650\u8986\u76d6\u4e3arwx<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f（\u63a8\u8350）：<\/p>\n

            chmod<\/span> 755<\/span> script.sh # rwxr-xr-x<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> 644<\/span> file.txt # rw-r–r–<\/span>
            \nchmod<\/span> 600<\/span> private.key # \u4ec5\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199（SSH \u79c1\u94a5\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

            chmod<\/span> -R<\/span> 755<\/span> folder\/ # \u4fee\u6539 folder \u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            5. \u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

            chown \u2014 \u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/h5>\n

            chown<\/span> zhang file.txt # \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6539\u4e3a zhang<\/span>
            \nchown<\/span> zhang:zhang file.txt # \u540c\u65f6\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4<\/span>
            \nchown<\/span> :zhang file.txt # \u53ea\u6539\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span>
            \nchown<\/span> -R<\/span> zhang:zhang folder\/ # \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/p>\n

            chgrp \u2014 \u53ea\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4<\/h5>\n

            chgrp<\/span> developers file.txt<\/p>\n

            \n

            6. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650：umask<\/h4>\n

            \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d，\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u5f55，\u76ee\u5f55\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6709X\u6743\u9650，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u76ee\u5f55\u6700\u597d\u81f3\u5c11\u7ed9\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u4e2ax\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

            \u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u793a\u4f8b（664：rw- rw- r–）<\/p>\n

            \"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            \u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b0\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u793a\u4f8b(775:rwx rwx r-x)<\/p>\n

            \"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

            umask \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

            # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d umask<\/span>
            \numask<\/span>
            \n# \u8f93\u51fa：0002<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 666 – umask<\/li>\n
            • \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 777 – umask<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u793a\u4f8b： umask 002 \u65f6：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650 = 666 – 002 = 664（rw-r–r–）<\/li>\n
              • \u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650 = 777 – 002 = 775（rwxr-xr-x）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u5e38\u7528 umask \u503c：<\/p>\n\numask\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                002<\/td>\n664<\/td>\n775<\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4（\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bfb，\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                027<\/td>\n640<\/td>\n750<\/td>\n\u7ec4\u5185\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199，\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7981\u6b62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                077<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee（\u79c1\u5bc6）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                umask<\/span> 027 # \u4e34\u65f6\u751f\u6548<\/span>
                \n# \u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548：\u5199\u5165 ~\/.bashrc<\/span><\/p>\n

                7.\u5e38\u89c1\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u9700\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n

                \"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

                8. \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

                Linux \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f \u201c\u4e09\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd + \u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u201d：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u8eab\u4efd：u（\u6240\u6709\u8005）\u3001g（\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4）\u3001o（\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba）<\/li>\n
                • \u6743\u9650：r（\u8bfb）\u3001w（\u5199）\u3001x（\u6267\u884c）<\/li>\n
                • \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f：\n
                    \n
                  • \u6743\u9650：chmod 755 \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
                  • \u6240\u6709\u8005：chown \u7528\u6237:\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
                  • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650：umask<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219： \u6743\u9650\u7ed9\u5f97\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u597d，\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u7528 644 \u5c31\u522b\u7528 755，\u76ee\u5f55\u80fd\u7528 755 \u5c31\u522b\u7528 777\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    su\u547d\u4ee4
                    \nsu \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e Switch User（\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237）\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6 root \u6743\u9650\u6216\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\/var\/log\/secure\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
                    \nsu [\u9009\u9879] [\u7528\u6237\u540d]1. \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4\u8bf4\u660esu\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237，\u4f46\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d root \u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[130,58,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-102925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-chrome","tag-linux","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"su\u547d\u4ee4 su \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e Switch User（\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237）\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6 root \u6743\u9650\u6216\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\/var\/log\/secure\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5 su [\u9009\u9879] [\u7528\u6237\u540d]1. \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4\u8bf4\u660esu\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237，\u4f46\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d root \u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T09:49:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260909094904-6aa12b9003af5.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102925.html\",\"name\":\"Linux\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840 - 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