{"id":102920,"date":"2026-09-09T17:49:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102920.html"},"modified":"2026-09-09T17:49:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:49:02","slug":"java-%e9%9b%86%e5%90%88%ef%bc%9amap-%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102920.html","title":{"rendered":"Java \u96c6\u5408\uff1aMap \u63a5\u53e3\u5b8c\u6574\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001Map \u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

Map \u662f Map \u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

a) Map \u96c6\u5408\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n
  • \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8key\u2011value，\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5c31\u662f Map \u96c6\u5408\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n
  • key（\u952e）：\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u4e0b\u6807，\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d，\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/li>\n
  • value（\u503c）：\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u4e0b\u6807，\u5143\u7d20\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d<\/li>\n

    b) \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
  • V put(K key,V value) \u5f80 Map \u96c6\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n
      \n
    • \u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5 key：\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u589e，\u8fd4\u56denull<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u8be5 key：\u65b0 value \u8986\u76d6\u65e7 value，\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u65e7 value<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u2b50\u5f00\u53d1\u91cd\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

    • V remove(K key) \u6839\u636e\u952e\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9，\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684 value\u3002<\/li>\n
    • V get(K key) \u6839\u636e key \u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 value\u3002\u2b50\u91cd\u70b9<\/li>\n
    • int size() \u83b7\u53d6 Map \u5f53\u4e2d\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u603b\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
    • boolean containsKey(K key) \u5224\u65ad\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a key，\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de true，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de false\u3002<\/li>\n
    • boolean containsValue(V value) \u5224\u65ad\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a value，\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de true，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de false\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

      import java.util.HashMap;
      \nimport java.util.Map;<\/p>\n

      public class MapDemo {
      \n public static void main(String[] args) {
      \n Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 1.put \u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9
      \n map.put("\u5f20\u4e09", 18);
      \n map.put("\u674e\u56db", 20);
      \n Integer oldValue = map.put("\u5f20\u4e09", 25); \/\/ key\u5df2\u5b58\u5728，\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u503c，\u8fd4\u56de18
      \n System.out.println("\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u65e7\u503c：" + oldValue);<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 2.size \u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u6570
      \n System.out.println("\u96c6\u5408\u5927\u5c0f：" + map.size());<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 3.get \u6839\u636ekey\u83b7\u53d6value
      \n System.out.println("\u5f20\u4e09\u7684\u5e74\u9f84：" + map.get("\u5f20\u4e09"));<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 4.containsKey \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542bkey
      \n System.out.println("\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u738b\u4e94：" + map.containsKey("\u738b\u4e94"));<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 5.containsValue \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542bvalue
      \n System.out.println("\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u5e74\u9f8425：" + map.containsValue(25));<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 6.remove \u6839\u636ekey\u5220\u9664
      \n Integer removed = map.remove("\u674e\u56db");
      \n System.out.println("\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u503c：" + removed);
      \n }
      \n}<\/p>\n

      c) Map \u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a HashMap \u7684\u952e，\u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1 key \u4e0d\u91cd\u590d，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u5199hashCode()\u548cequals()\u3002 \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528String\u3001Integer\u4f5c\u4e3a key（\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001id \u7b49），\u68c0\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

    • HashMap JDK1.2，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8；\u5141\u8bb8null\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\u3001\u5141\u8bb8null\u4f5c\u4e3a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784：JDK1.8 \u4e4b\u524d = \u6570\u7ec4 + \u94fe\u8868；JDK1.8 \u53ca\u4e4b\u540e = \u6570\u7ec4 + \u94fe\u8868 + \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811（\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 8 \u4e14\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u226564 \u65f6\u8f6c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811）<\/p>\n

    • Hashtable JDK1.0，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168，\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u6162；\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8null\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\u548c\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n

      📝\u9762\u8bd5\u9898：\u5199\u51fa HashMap \u548c Hashtable \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

      \u8868\u683c<\/p>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6HashMapHashtable<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u51fa\u73b0\u7248\u672c<\/td>\nJDK1.2<\/td>\nJDK1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u6548\u7387\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u5b89\u5168，\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0 synchronized，\u6548\u7387\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      null \u952e \/null \u503c<\/td>\n\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8<\/td>\n\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8，\u629b NullPointerException<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7236\u7c7b<\/td>\nAbstractMap<\/td>\nDictionary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td>\nIterator（fail-fast \u5feb\u901f\u5931\u8d25）<\/td>\nEnumerator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n2 \u500d<\/td>\n2 \u500d + 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    • LinkedHashMap HashMap \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u987a\u5e8f；\u5e95\u5c42 = HashMap + \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Properties Hashtable \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b，key \u4e0e value \u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b；\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6.properties\u3002<\/li>\n

      import java.util.Properties;
      \nimport java.io.FileInputStream;<\/p>\n

      public class PropertiesDemo {
      \n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      \n Properties prop = new Properties();
      \n \/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
      \n prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
      \n \/\/ \u6839\u636ekey\u83b7\u53d6value
      \n String username = prop.getProperty("username");
      \n System.out.println(username);
      \n }
      \n}<\/p>\n

    • TreeMap SortedMap \u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684 key \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f；key \u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0 Comparable \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u4f20\u5165 Comparator \u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n

      d) Map \u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

      Map \u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15，\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5 for \u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

      \u2460 \u952e\u904d\u5386 keySet ()<\/h4>\n

      \u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u90e8 key \u7ec4\u6210 Set \u96c6\u5408，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 key \u8c03\u7528 get () \u62ff\u5230 value<\/p>\n

      Set<K> ks = map.keySet();
      \nfor(K key : ks){
      \n V value = map.get(key);
      \n System.out.println(key + " = " + value);
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u2461 \u503c\u904d\u5386 values ()<\/h4>\n

      \u53ea\u83b7\u53d6\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709 value，\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230 key<\/p>\n

      Collection<V> vs = map.values();
      \nfor(V value : vs){
      \n System.out.println(value);
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u6ce8\u610f：Map \u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7 value \u53cd\u5411\u83b7\u53d6 key \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

      \u2462 \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u904d\u5386 entrySet ()（\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8，\u63a8\u8350）<\/h4>\n

      \u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4key\u2011value\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3aMap.Entry\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

      Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> kvs = map.entrySet();
      \nfor(Map.Entry<K,V> kv : kvs){
      \n K key = kv.getKey();
      \n V value = kv.getValue();
      \n System.out.println(key + " = " + value);
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6574\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

      import java.util.*;<\/p>\n

      public class MapIterator {
      \n public static void main(String[] args) {
      \n Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
      \n map.put("Java", 100);
      \n map.put("Python", 95);
      \n map.put("C++", 90);<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f1：keySet \u952e\u904d\u5386
      \n System.out.println("===== keySet\u904d\u5386 =====");
      \n Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
      \n for (String key : keys) {
      \n System.out.println(key + " -> " + map.get(key));
      \n }<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f2：values \u503c\u904d\u5386
      \n System.out.println("===== values\u904d\u5386 =====");
      \n Collection<Integer> values = map.values();
      \n for (Integer value : values) {
      \n System.out.println(value);
      \n }<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f3：entrySet \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u904d\u5386（\u63a8\u8350）
      \n System.out.println("===== entrySet\u904d\u5386 =====");
      \n Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entries = map.entrySet();
      \n for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : entries) {
      \n System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " -> " + entry.getValue());
      \n }
      \n }
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e8c\u3001HashMap \u9ad8\u9891\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u8865\u5145<\/h2>\n

      1. HashMap \u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • JDK1.7：\u6570\u7ec4 + \u94fe\u8868，\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5<\/li>\n
      • JDK1.8：\u6570\u7ec4 + \u94fe\u8868 + \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811，\u5c3e\u63d2\u6cd5<\/li>\n
      • \u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6761\u4ef6：\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6 \u2265 8 \u4e14 \u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \u2265 64<\/li>\n
      • \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u6761\u4ef6：\u8282\u70b9\u6570 \u2264 6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. HashMap \u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf：16<\/li>\n
        • \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50：0.75<\/li>\n
        • \u6269\u5bb9\u9608\u503c = \u5bb9\u91cf \u00d7 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 = 16 \u00d7 0.75 = 12<\/li>\n
        • \u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6，\u6269\u5bb9\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u76842 \u500d<\/li>\n
        • \u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684 hash \u4f4d\u7f6e（rehash）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. HashMap \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168？<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6 put \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n
          • JDK1.7 \u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u94fe\u8868\u6210\u73af，\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n
          • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：ConcurrentHashMap（\u63a8\u8350）\u3001Hashtable\u3001Collections.synchronizedMap()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            4. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a key \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n

            \u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u5199hashCode()\u548cequals()：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • hashCode \u76f8\u540c：\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c，\u9700\u8981\u518d\u7528 equals \u5224\u65ad<\/li>\n
            • equals \u76f8\u540c：hashCode \u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n
            • \u53ea\u91cd\u5199 equals \u4e0d\u91cd\u5199 hashCode：\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u65e0\u6cd5\u53bb\u91cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              class Student {
              \n private String name;
              \n private int age;<\/p>\n

              @Override
              \n public boolean equals(Object o) {
              \n if (this == o) return true;
              \n if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
              \n Student student = (Student) o;
              \n return age == student.age && Objects.equals(name, student.name);
              \n }<\/p>\n

              @Override
              \n public int hashCode() {
              \n return Objects.hash(name, age);
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u4e00\u3001Map \u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb Map \u662f Map \u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u63a5\u53e3 a) Map \u96c6\u5408\u7279\u70b9
              \n\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8key\u2011value，\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5c31\u662f Map \u96c6\u5408\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20key（\u952e）：\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u4e0b\u6807，\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d，\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027value（\u503c）：\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u4e0b\u6807，\u5143\u7d20\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d
              \nb) \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5
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