{"id":102463,"date":"2026-09-08T20:26:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T12:26:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html"},"modified":"2026-09-08T20:26:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T12:26:02","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3-linux-io-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%9a%e8%b7%af%e5%a4%8d%e7%94%a8-select","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u2014\u2014select"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO<\/p>\n

select \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/p>\n

select \u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e Select \u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2014\u2014 EchoServer<\/p>\n

SelectServer.hpp<\/p>\n

Socket.hpp<\/p>\n

select \u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n

select \u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n

\n

\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d：\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b（\u4e00）：\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8 IO\u00a0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8 IO\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u867d\u7136\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u800c\u963b\u585e，\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6e\u8be2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684 CPU \u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48，\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5462？<\/p>\n

\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO \u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 I\/O：\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 IO \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6，\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u4e00：<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u4e0d\u540c，\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6e\u8be2\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u7edf\u4e00\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u585e\u5728\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a，\u76f4\u5230\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u518d\u5bf9\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u4e8c：<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u8bb2，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4：\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u4e09：<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea：\u5bf9\u4e8e Socket \u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0a\u6709\u6570\u636e，\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Socket \u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0a\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684 Socket，\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5b83\u7684\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea，\u5b83\u7684\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8：IO \u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：1. \u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea 2.\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO \u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea，\u5373\u53ea\u4f1a\u5e2e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65，\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u63d0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65，\u5373\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5728 Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 select\u3001poll\u3001epoll<\/span> \u7b49\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 select\u00a0\u5f00\u59cb，\u7406\u89e3 I\/O \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u7a76\u7adf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898，\u4ee5\u53ca select\u00a0\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

select \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\n

select \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u00a0IO \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u673a\u5236，\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684 I\/O \u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea，\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u7684 IO \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

select \u63a5\u53e3<\/h2>\n

#include <sys\/select.h>
\n #include <sys\/time.h>
\n #include <sys\/types.h>
\n #include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
\n fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout); <\/p>\n

\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

int nfds：\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c + 1\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26：3 5 7 8 9 12\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5904：nfds：12 + 1<\/p>\n

struct timeval *timeout：\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570：\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 select \u5904\u7684\u6700\u957f\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u00a0timeout \u65f6\u95f4\u5185，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u5728 select \u5904\u7b49\u5f85\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea，\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea，select \u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86 timeout \u65f6\u95f4，select \u4f9d\u65e7\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u53c2\u6570：select \u8fd4\u56de\u540e，timeout \u8868\u793a\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

struct timeval { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0long \u00a0 \u00a0tv_sec; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/* seconds *\/ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0long \u00a0 \u00a0tv_usec; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/* microseconds *\/<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

long tv_sec：\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u79d2<\/p>\n

long tv_usec：\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5fae\u79d2<\/p>\n

\u6ce8：1 \u79d2\u00a0== 1e3 \u6beb\u79d2 == 1e6 \u5fae\u79d2 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

timeout.tv_sec = 2;<\/p>\n

timeout.tv_usec = 0;<\/p>\n

select(…, &timeout);<\/p>\n

\u610f\u601d\u662f：\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 select \u65f6，\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u65f6，
\n\u5982\u679c\u5728 2 S\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728 select \u8fd4\u56de，
\n\u6b64\u65f6 timeout.tv_sec = 0, timeout.tv_usec = 0;
\n\u5982\u679c\u5728 1 S\u5185\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 select \u8fd4\u56de，
\n\u6b64\u65f6 timeout.tv_sec = 1, timeout.tv_usec = 0; <\/p>\n

\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n

timeout = nullptr \u8868\u793a：\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u4e00\u76f4\u963b\u585e\u5728 select \u5904，\u76f4\u5230\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u963b\u585e IO\u00a0<\/p>\n

timeout.tv_sec = 0, timeout.tv_usec = 0 \u8868\u793a：\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u7b49\u5f85，\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u4f9d\u65e7\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u975e\u963b\u585e IO<\/p>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/p>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c >\u00a00 ：\u5728\u88ab\u76d1\u89c6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e2d，\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c == 0：\u5728 timeout \u65f6\u95f4\u5185，\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e timeout = nullptr ，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c == -1：select \u8c03\u7528\u51fa\u9519<\/p>\n

fd_set *readfds：\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\/* fd_set for select and pselect. *\/
\ntypedef struct
\n {
\n \/* XPG4.2 requires this member name. Otherwise avoid the name
\n from the global namespace. *\/
\n#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
\n __fd_mask fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE \/ __NFDBITS];
\n# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->fds_bits)
\n#else
\n __fd_mask __fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE \/ __NFDBITS];
\n# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->__fds_bits)
\n#endif
\n } fd_set;<\/p>\n

fd_set \u672c\u8d28\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408，\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u53f7：\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7684\u72b6\u6001：\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u76d1\u63a7，\u5982\u679c\u662f 1，\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981，\u5426\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u544a\u8bc9\u5185\u6838，\u4f60\u8981\u5e2e\u6211\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u53f7：\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7684\u72b6\u6001：\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea，\u5982\u679c\u662f 1，\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea，\u5426\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea<\/p>\n

\u5185\u6838\u544a\u8bc9\u7528\u6237，\u88ab\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408，\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea，\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

fd_set *writefds \u8868\u793a\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408 fd_set *exceptfds \u8868\u793a\u5f02\u5e38\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u56fe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

void FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *set);
\n int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *set);
\n void FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *set);
\n void FD_ZERO(fd_set *set); <\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e Select \u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2014\u2014 EchoServer<\/h2>\n

SelectServer.hpp<\/h3>\n

#pragma once<\/p>\n

#include "Socket.hpp"
\n#include <functional>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/wait.h>
\n#include <sys\/select.h><\/p>\n

class SelectServer
\n{
\n const static int defaultfd = -1;
\n const static int default_backlog = 5;<\/p>\n

const static int size = sizeof(fd_set) * 8;<\/p>\n

public:
\n SelectServer(in_port_t port, int backlog = default_backlog)
\n : _port(port), _backlog(backlog), _listenfd(std::make_unique<TcpSocket>()), _isrunning(false)
\n {
\n _listenfd->BuildTcpListenSocket(port, backlog);
\n \/\/ \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5316
\n for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
\n _rfds[i] = defaultfd;
\n _rfds[0] = _listenfd->Fd();
\n }<\/p>\n

void Start()
\n {
\n _isrunning = true;
\n while (_isrunning)
\n {
\n fd_set rfds;
\n FD_ZERO(&rfds);
\n \/\/ \u501f\u52a9\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u627e\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c
\n int maxfd = defaultfd;
\n for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
\n {
\n if (_rfds[i] == defaultfd)
\n continue;
\n FD_SET(_rfds[i], &rfds);
\n if (maxfd < _rfds[i])
\n maxfd = _rfds[i];
\n }
\n struct timeval timeout;
\n timeout.tv_sec = 1;
\n timeout.tv_usec = 0;
\n \/\/ \u76d1\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea
\n int n = select(maxfd + 1, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, &timeout);<\/p>\n

switch (n)
\n {
\n case 0: \/\/ \u963b\u585e IO \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728
\n LOG(LogLevel::INFO) << "select timeout";
\n continue;
\n break;
\n case -1:
\n LOG(LogLevel::FATAL) << "select error";
\n exit(SELECT_ERR);
\n break;
\n default:
\n \/\/ \u6709\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea
\n HandleEvents(rfds);
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n _isrunning = false;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d3e\u53d1\u5668
\n void HandleEvents(fd_set &rfds)
\n {
\n for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
\n {
\n if (_rfds[i] == defaultfd)
\n continue;
\n \/\/ \u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea
\n if (FD_ISSET(_rfds[i], &rfds))
\n {
\n \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406
\n if (_rfds[i] == _listenfd->Fd())
\n {
\n Accepter();
\n }
\n else \/\/ \u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406
\n {
\n Recver(i);
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u5668
\n void Accepter()
\n {
\n IntAddr client;
\n int fd = _listenfd->Accpet(&client);
\n if (fd < 0)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::WARNING) << "accept error";
\n return;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d
\n int pos = 0;
\n while (pos < size)
\n {
\n if (_rfds[pos] == -1)
\n break;
\n ++pos;
\n }
\n if (pos == size)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::WARNING) << "rfds is full";
\n return;
\n }
\n _rfds[pos] = fd;
\n }<\/p>\n

void Recver(int pos)
\n {
\n \/\/ \u5b58\u5728 TCP \u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898
\n char buffer[1024];
\n ssize_t n = recv(_rfds[pos], buffer, sizeof(buffer) – 1, 0);
\n if (n > 0)
\n {
\n buffer[n] = 0;
\n std::cout << "client say@ " << buffer << std::endl;
\n }
\n else if (n == 0)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::INFO) << "client quit!";
\n close(_rfds[pos]);
\n _rfds[pos] = -1;
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::WARNING) << "recv error";
\n close(_rfds[pos]);
\n _rfds[pos] = -1;
\n }
\n }
\n void Stop()
\n {
\n _isrunning = false;
\n }<\/p>\n

~SelectServer()
\n {
\n }<\/p>\n

private:
\n in_port_t _port;
\n int _backlog;
\n std::unique_ptr<Socket> _listenfd;
\n bool _isrunning;
\n int _rfds[size];
\n}; <\/p>\n

Socket.hpp<\/h3>\n

#pragma once <\/p>\n

#include "Log.hpp"
\n#include "Error.hpp"
\n#include "IntAddr.hpp"
\n#include <iostream>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <memory>
\n#include <cstdlib><\/p>\n

using namespace LogModule;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n

class Socket
\n{
\npublic:
\n virtual void CreateSockfd() = 0;
\n virtual void BindSockfd(in_port_t port) = 0;
\n virtual void ListenSockfd(int backlog) = 0;
\n virtual int Accpet(IntAddr *client_addr) = 0;
\n virtual int Connect(const IntAddr &server) = 0;
\n virtual void Close() = 0;
\n virtual ssize_t Recv(std::string *message) = 0;
\n virtual ssize_t Send(const std::string &message) = 0;
\n virtual int Fd() = 0;
\n void BuildTcpListenSocket(in_port_t port, int backlog)
\n {
\n CreateSockfd();
\n BindSockfd(port);
\n ListenSockfd(backlog);
\n }
\n void BuildTcpSocket()
\n {
\n CreateSockfd();
\n }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

const static int default_sockfd = -1;<\/p>\n

class TcpSocket : public Socket
\n{
\npublic:
\n TcpSocket()
\n :_sockfd(default_sockfd)
\n {}
\n TcpSocket(int sockfd)
\n :_sockfd(sockfd)
\n {}
\n void CreateSockfd() override
\n {
\n _sockfd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if(_sockfd < 0)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::FATAL) << "socket error";
\n exit(SOCKET_ERR);
\n }
\n LOG(LogLevel::INFO) << "socket success";
\n }
\n void BindSockfd(in_port_t port) override
\n {
\n IntAddr server(port);
\n int n = ::bind(_sockfd, server.NetAddrPtr(), server.NetAddrLen());
\n if(n < 0)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::FATAL) << "bind error";
\n exit(BIND_ERR);
\n }
\n LOG(LogLevel::INFO) << "bind success";
\n }
\n void ListenSockfd(int backlog) override
\n {
\n int n = ::listen(_sockfd, backlog);
\n if(n < 0)
\n {
\n LOG(LogLevel::FATAL) << "listen error";
\n exit(LISTEN_ERR);
\n }
\n LOG(LogLevel::INFO) << "listen success";
\n }
\n int Accpet(IntAddr *client_addr) override
\n {
\n struct sockaddr_in client;
\n socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
\n int sockfd = ::accept(_sockfd, CONV(client), &len);<\/p>\n

return sockfd;
\n }
\n void Close() override
\n {
\n ::close(_sockfd);
\n }<\/p>\n

ssize_t Recv(std::string *message) override
\n {
\n char buffer[1024];
\n ssize_t n = ::recv(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer – 1), 0);
\n if(n > 0)
\n {
\n buffer[n] = 0;
\n *message += buffer;
\n }
\n return n;
\n }
\n ssize_t Send(const std::string &message) override
\n {
\n return ::send(_sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0);
\n }
\n int Connect(const IntAddr &server) override
\n {
\n return ::connect(_sockfd, server.NetAddrPtr(), server.NetAddrLen());
\n }<\/p>\n

int Fd() override
\n {
\n return _sockfd;
\n }<\/p>\n

~TcpSocket(){}
\nprivate:
\n int _sockfd;
\n}; <\/p>\n

select \u7279\u70b9<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6，select \u8fd4\u56de，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

select \u7f3a\u70b9<\/h2>\n

（1）\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

select \u901a\u5e38\u53d7 FD_SETSIZE \u9650\u5236\u3002Linux \u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f 1024，\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

（2）\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 select \u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

select\u00a0\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u5165\u7684 fd_set，\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u4fdd\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 select\u00a0\u524d，\u6839\u636e\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u91cd\u65b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316 fd_set\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(N)<\/p>\n

（3）\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

select \u8fd4\u56de\u540e，\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5177\u4f53\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u7eea，\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408，\u9010\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(N)<\/p>\n

（4）\u5185\u6838\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/p>\n

select \u5c06\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u5408\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u540e，\u5185\u6838\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
\n fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout); <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64，\u5728 select \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d：nfds \u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c + 1<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(N)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55 \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO
\nselect \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d
\nselect \u63a5\u53e3
\n\u57fa\u4e8e Select \u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2014\u2014 EchoServer
\nSelectServer.hpp
\nSocket.hpp
\nselect \u7279\u70b9
\nselect \u7f3a\u70b9 \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO
\n\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d：\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b（\u4e00）：\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8 IO\u00a0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,205,43,78,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-102463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-tcp-ip","tag-43","tag-78","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\n\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u2014\u2014select - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u2014\u2014select - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u76ee\u5f55 \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO select \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d select \u63a5\u53e3 \u57fa\u4e8e Select \u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2014\u2014 EchoServer SelectServer.hpp Socket.hpp select \u7279\u70b9 select \u7f3a\u70b9 \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 IO \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d：\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b（\u4e00）：\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8 IO\u00a0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u963b\u585e IO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e IO \u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-08T12:26:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260908122600-6a9ffed81e787.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/102463.html\",\"name\":\"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Linux IO \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u2014\u2014select - 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