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2.2 DevOps\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0bDevOps\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u7a7a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0bDevOps\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b&#xff1a;**\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u7011\u5e03\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u4ee3&#xff08;2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d&#xff09;**\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1&#xff0c;\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7011\u5e03\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7011\u5e03\u6a21\u578b&#xff1f;\u5c31\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u7011\u5e03\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4ece\u4e0a\u5f80\u4e0b\u6d41\u3002\u7011\u5e03\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5468\u671f\u592a\u957f&#xff0c;\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u592a\u5dee\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4ece\u9700\u6c42\u5230\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u534a\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u7b49\u53d1\u5e03\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5e02\u573a\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u5199\u5b8c\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u6254\u7ed9\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d4b\u5b8c&#xff0c;\u6254\u7ed9\u8fd0\u7ef4&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7ef4\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6709\u539a\u539a\u7684&#034;\u5899\u201d&#xff0c;\u6c9f\u901a\u4e0d\u7545&#xff0c;\u534f\u4f5c\u56f0\u96be\u3002**\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u4ee3&#xff08;2001\u5e74-2009\u5e74&#xff09;**2001\u5e74&#xff0c;\u654f\u6377\u5ba3\u8a00\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u5f3a\u8c03&#xff1a;\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u5408\u4f5c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u8c08\u5224&#xff0c;\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9075\u5faa\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1&#xff0c;\u628a\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u62c6\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee32-4\u5468&#xff0c;\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5e03\u9891\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u54cd\u5e94\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u8282\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7ef4\u73af\u8282\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u5199\u5b8c\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u6254\u7ed9\u8fd0\u7ef4&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8fd8\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684&#034;\u5899\u201d&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u7834\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u5f00\u53d1\u654f\u6377\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0d\u654f\u6377&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6d41\u7a0b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u654f\u6377\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ba1\u5b50\u53d8\u7c97\u4e86&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7ba1\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u7ec6\u7684&#xff0c;\u6c34\u6d41\u91cf\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002**\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;DevOps\u65f6\u4ee3&#xff08;2009\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca&#xff09;**2009\u5e74&#xff0c;\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7684O\u2019Reilly Velocity\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a&#xff0c;John Allspaw\u548cPaul Hammond\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u8bb2&#xff0c;\u9898\u76ee\u662f&#034;10&#043; Deploys Per Day: Dev and Ops Cooperation at Flickr&#034;\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Flickr\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u5929\u90e8\u7f7210\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f14\u8bb2&#xff0c;\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fDevOps\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u540c\u5e74&#xff0c;Patrick Debois\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4aDevOpsDays\u4f1a\u8bae&#xff0c;DevOps\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e&#xff0c;DevOps\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u516c\u53f8&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bdDevOps&#xff0c;\u6253\u7834\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u58c1\u5792&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u73b0\u5728&#xff0c;DevOps\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6807\u914d\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u5382&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5728\u5b9e\u65bdDevOps&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5728\u6253\u9020\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;DevOps\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684CI\/CD&#xff0c;\u5230\u540e\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u3001AIOps&#xff0c;\u518d\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684GitOps\u3001Platform Engineering\u3001DevSecOps\u7b49\u7b49&#xff0c;DevOps\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e30\u5bcc&#xff0c;\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5b8c\u5584\u3002## 2.3 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CI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62c9\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u6784\u5efa\u30024. \u6784\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u30025. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u7269&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982jar\u5305\u3001docker\u955c\u50cf\u7b49&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u5236\u54c1\u5e93\u30026. \u5982\u679c\u6784\u5efa\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u77e5&#xff08;\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u6d88\u606f\u7b49&#xff09;\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u597d\u5904&#xff1a;- \u5c3d\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u96c6\u6210\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u4fee\u590d\u6210\u672c\u3002- 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Delivery&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0CD&#xff09;\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8&#xff1f;\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u628a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3001\u9884\u53d1\u5e03\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f&#034;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u968f\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u83dc&#xff0c;\u653e\u5728\u4fdd\u6e29\u7bb1\u91cc&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u4eba\u5403\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u83dc\u505a\u597d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aef&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b49\u5ba2\u4eba\u5230\u9f50\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u83dc\u505a\u597d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210&#xff0c;\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u53ef\u6784\u5efa\u7684&#xff0c;\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8&#xff0c;\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u53ef\u90e8\u7f72\u7684&#xff0c;\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u9762\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684&#xff0c;\u662f\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210&#xff0c;\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#xff1a;1. \u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u7269\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u5236\u54c1\u5e93\u30022. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u628a\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u7269\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u30023. \u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u30024. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u628a\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u7269\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u9884\u53d1\u5e03\u73af\u5883&#xff08;\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883&#xff09;\u30025. \u5728\u9884\u53d1\u5e03\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u5192\u70df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u6536\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u30026. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e&#xff0c;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u30027. \u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u70b9\u4e00\u4e0b\u6309\u94ae&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u597d\u5904&#xff1a;- \u8ba9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u968f\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5e03\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3002- \u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u98ce\u9669&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002- \u63d0\u9ad8\u53d1\u5e03\u9891\u7387&#xff0c;\u52a0\u5feb\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002- \u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u4eba\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u3002- 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Deployment&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0CD&#xff0c;\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662fCD&#xff0c;\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u5206&#xff09;\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72&#xff1f;\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u628a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8&#xff0c;\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u53d1\u5e03\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4eba\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u662f&#034;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53d1\u201d&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u662f&#034;\u81ea\u52a8\u5c31\u53d1&#034;\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u83dc&#xff0c;\u653e\u5728\u4fdd\u6e29\u7bb1\u91cc&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7aef&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u83dc&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5c31\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u52a8\u624b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u597d\u5904&#xff1a;- 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3.4 \u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;IaC&#xff09;\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;Infrastructure as Code&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0IaC&#xff09;\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1f;\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u524d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u90fd\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898&#xff1f;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u82b1\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c31\u66f4\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u624b\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u91cc\u6f0f\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u96be\u4ee5\u590d\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u53f0&#xff0c;\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u7b2c\u56db&#xff0c;\u96be\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u591a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624b\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u54ea\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6539\u4e86&#xff1f;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6539\u7684&#xff1f;\u8c01\u6539\u7684&#xff1f;\u90fd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5c31\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u76d6\u623f\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5de5\u4eba\u624b\u5de5\u780c\u5899&#xff0c;\u624b\u5de5\u62b9\u7070&#xff0c;\u624b\u5de5\u88c5\u4fee&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u76d6\u623f\u5b50&#xff0c;\u7528\u9884\u5236\u677f&#xff0c;\u7528\u88c5\u914d\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51&#xff0c;\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u628a\u6784\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u597d&#xff0c;\u5230\u73b0\u573a\u76f4\u63a5\u62fc\u88c5&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u597d\u5904&#xff1a;- 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\u6613\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7API\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6280\u672f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662fDocker\u3002\u800c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5c31\u662fKubernetes&#xff08;\u7b80\u79f0K8s&#xff09;\u3002\u5fae\u670d\u52a1&#043;\u5bb9\u5668\u5316&#043;K8s&#xff0c;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u800cDevOps\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002## 3.6 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Stack&#xff08;Elasticsearch\u3001Logstash\u3001Kibana&#xff09;\u3001Loki\u3001Fluentd\u3001Splunk\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a&#xff08;Tracing&#xff09;\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u8def&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff0c;\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u9519\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u5f88\u957f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u3002\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5f88\u96be\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5de5\u5177\u6709&#xff1a;Jaeger\u3001Zipkin\u3001SkyWalking\u3001OpenTelemetry\u7b49\u3002\u6307\u6807\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u652f\u67f1&#xff0c;\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5c31\u50cf\u533b\u751f\u7ed9\u75c5\u4eba\u770b\u75c5\u3002\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u50cf\u4f53\u6e29\u3001\u8840\u538b\u3001\u5fc3\u7387\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u50cf\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75c5\u5386&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75c5\u53f2\u548c\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5c31\u50cfCT\u3001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u770b\u770b\u54ea\u4e2a\u5668\u5b98\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u7ed3\u5408&#xff0c;\u533b\u751f\u5c31\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75c5\u60c5&#xff0c;\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027&#xff0c;\u544a\u8b66\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u53ca\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u5904\u7406\u3002\u544a\u8b66\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9&#xff1a;- \u544a\u8b66\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4e71\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u544a\u8b66\u98ce\u66b4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7136\u5927\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u544a\u8b66\u9ebb\u6728&#xff0c;\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002- \u544a\u8b66\u8981\u5206\u7ea7\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u7d27\u6025\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u6253\u7535\u8bdd&#xff1b;\u91cd\u8981\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u53d1\u77ed\u4fe1&#xff1b;\u4e00\u822c\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5373\u65f6\u6d88\u606f\u3002- \u544a\u8b66\u8981\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u624b\u518c&#xff0c;\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\u3002- \u544a\u8b66\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u56de\u987e\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u53bb\u6389\u6ca1\u7528\u7684\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5316\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u3002## 3.7 DevSecOps&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u5de6\u79fb\u6700\u540e\u662fDevSecOps\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fDevSecOps&#xff1f;DevSecOps\u5c31\u662fDevelopment&#xff08;\u5f00\u53d1&#xff09;\u3001Security&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168&#xff09;\u3001Operations&#xff08;\u8fd0\u7ef4&#xff09;\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5b89\u5168\u878d\u5165\u5230DevOps\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u5316\u3002\u4ee5\u524d&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u7531\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u6765\u505a\u7684\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u5199\u5b8c\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d4b\u5b8c\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u505a\u5b89\u5168\u626b\u63cf\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u8bf4\u6709\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u518d\u56de\u53bb\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u6210\u4e86\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u74f6\u9888&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u671f\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u6539&#xff0c;\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002DevSecOps&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u628a\u5b89\u5168&#034;\u5de6\u79fb&#034;&#xff0c;\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8003\u8651\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u5c31\u505a\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5c3d\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5c3d\u65e9\u4fee\u590d&#xff0c;\u4fee\u590d\u6210\u672c\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002DevSecOps\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u624d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5c31\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u5382&#xff0c;\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u8d28\u68c0\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u53ea\u7ba1\u751f\u4ea7&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u7b49\u751f\u4ea7\u5b8c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8d28\u68c0\u90e8\u95e8\u518d\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u8fd4\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u8d28\u91cf\u6ca1\u4fdd\u969c&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u9ad8\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u5382&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u8c03\u5168\u9762\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u8d1f\u8d23&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u8d28\u91cf\u6709\u4fdd\u969c&#xff0c;\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4f4e\u3002DevSecOps\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u8df5\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;- 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Actions\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u548cGitHub\u96c6\u6210\u5f97\u597d&#xff0c;\u914d\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u7528YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684Action\u5e02\u573a&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u522b\u4eba\u5199\u597d\u7684Action\u3002\u5176\u4ed6CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982&#xff1a;- Travis CI&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e91\u7aef\u7684CI\/CD\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u548cGitHub\u96c6\u6210\u5f97\u5f88\u597d&#xff0c;\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u3002- CircleCI&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e91\u7aef\u7684CI\/CD\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u597d\u3002- TeamCity&#xff1a;JetBrains\u516c\u53f8\u7684CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927&#xff0c;\u754c\u9762\u53cb\u597d\u3002- Bamboo&#xff1a;Atlassian\u516c\u53f8\u7684CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u548cJira\u3001Bitbucket\u96c6\u6210\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002- Argo CD&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eKubernetes\u7684GitOps\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u5de5\u5177\u3002- Flux&#xff1a;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eKubernetes\u7684GitOps\u6301\u7eed\u90e8\u7f72\u5de5\u5177\u3002CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u8981\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528GitLab\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528GitLab CI&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u7528GitHub\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528GitHub Actions&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528Jenkins\u3002## 4.3 \u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u662f\u73b0\u5728DevOps\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5f88\u591a&#xff0c;\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u6765\u6253\u5305\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u7528\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668&#xff0c;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002DockerDocker\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6280\u672f\u3002Docker\u7684\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c; revolutionized\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7528Docker&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56&#xff0c;\u6253\u5305\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301Docker\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u81f4\u3002Docker\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;- \u955c\u50cf&#xff08;Image&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3001\u5e93\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002- \u5bb9\u5668&#xff08;Container&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002- Dockerfile&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efaDocker\u955c\u50cf\u3002- \u4ed3\u5e93&#xff08;Registry&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u53d1Docker\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709Docker Hub\u3001Harbor\u7b49\u3002**Kubernetes&#xff08;K8s&#xff09;**Kubernetes&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0K8s&#xff0c;\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u3002K8s\u6700\u521d\u662fGoogle\u5f00\u53d1\u7684&#xff0c;\u57fa\u4e8eGoogle\u5185\u90e8\u7684Borg\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u540e\u6765\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u4e86CNCF&#xff08;\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a&#xff09;\u3002K8s\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;K8s\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u7684\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u4e86K8s&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9K8s&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;K8s\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u6302\u4e86&#xff0c;K8s\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u5b83&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\u4e86&#xff0c;K8s\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u5bb9&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e86&#xff0c;K8s\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7f29\u5bb9\u3002K8s\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;- Pod&#xff1a;K8s\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5355\u5143&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2aPod\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002- Service&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4Pod\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u3002- Deployment&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406Pod\u7684\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u3002- ConfigMap&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u914d\u7f6e\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u955c\u50cf\u4e2d\u3002- Secret&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b49\u3002- Namespace&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u9694\u79bb\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Namespace\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u3002- Ingress&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u8def\u7531\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u9664\u4e86Docker\u548cK8s&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;- containerd&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728\u662fDocker\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u88abK8s\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002- Podman&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5f15\u64ce&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3aDocker\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002- Helm&#xff1a;K8s\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u7528Chart\u6765\u6253\u5305\u548c\u7ba1\u7406K8s\u5e94\u7528\u3002- Istio&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c&#xff08;Service Mesh&#xff09;\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002- Harbor&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u955c\u50cf\u4ed3\u5e93&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u90e8\u7f72&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u7684Docker\u955c\u50cf\u3002## 4.4 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\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b2c\u516d\u6b65&#xff1a;\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002DevOps\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u9879\u76ee&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002DevOps\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;DevOps\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f&#xff0c;\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\u662f&#034;\u672f&#034;&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u662f&#034;\u9053&#034;\u3002\u6ca1\u6709&#034;\u9053&#034;&#xff0c;&#034;\u672f&#034;\u518d\u5389\u5bb3&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e0d\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u65bdDevOps&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u8981\u843d\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0a\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;- 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\u516d\u3001DevOps\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807## 6.1 DORA\u56db\u5927\u6307\u6807\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86DevOps\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u804a\u804aDevOps\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5b9e\u65bdDevOps&#xff0c;\u6548\u679c\u600e\u4e48\u6837&#xff1f;\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5347&#xff1f;\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684DevOps\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662fDORA\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6307\u6807\u3002DORA&#xff08;DevOps Research and Assessment&#xff09;\u662fGoogle\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u51e0\u5343\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684DevOps\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff0c;\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cfDevOps\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002DORA\u56db\u5927\u6307\u6807\u662f&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u90e8\u7f72\u9891\u7387&#xff08;Deployment Frequency&#xff09;\u3002\u90e8\u7f72\u9891\u7387&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u56e2\u961f\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u5929\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u5c11\u6b21&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u5468\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u5c11\u6b21&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6708\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u3002\u90e8\u7f72\u9891\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u628a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u63a8\u7ed9\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u54cd\u5e94\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u90e8\u7f72\u9891\u7387\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff1a;- \u7cbe\u82f1&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u5929\u591a\u6b21\u90e8\u7f72\u3002- \u9ad8&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u5468\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u6bcf\u5929\u4e00\u6b21\u3002- \u4e2d&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u6bcf\u5468\u4e00\u6b21\u3002- \u4f4e&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u53d8\u66f4\u524d\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;Lead Time for Changes&#xff09;\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u524d\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u4ea4&#xff0c;\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u524d\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u77ed&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u7528\u6237\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u524d\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff1a;- \u7cbe\u82f1&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u52301\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002- \u9ad8&#xff1a;1\u5929\u52301\u5468\u3002- \u4e2d&#xff1a;1\u5468\u52301\u4e2a\u6708\u3002- \u4f4e&#xff1a;1\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u53d8\u66f4\u5931\u8d25\u7387&#xff08;Change Failure Rate&#xff09;\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u5931\u8d25\u7387&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u6545\u969c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u5931\u8d25\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d28\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u5931\u8d25\u7387\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff1a;- \u7cbe\u82f1&#xff1a;0%-15%\u3002- \u9ad8&#xff1a;16%-30%\u3002- \u4e2d&#xff1a;31%-45%\u3002- \u4f4e&#xff1a;46%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u56db&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;Time to Restore Service&#xff09;\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u51fa\u4e86\u6545\u969c\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u77ed&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6545\u969c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff1a;- \u7cbe\u82f1&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u52301\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002- \u9ad8&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u52301\u5929\u3002- \u4e2d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u52301\u5468\u3002- 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