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2.2 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2.3 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\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;O(1)\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1b;\u5185\u5b58\u8fde\u7eed&#xff0c;\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d&#xff1b;\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3002- \u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;O(n)\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1b;\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55&#xff1b;\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5f88\u5927&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5f88\u5c11&#xff09;\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;- \u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f- \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u77e5&#xff0c;\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u573a\u666f- \u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u5806\u7b49\u7b49&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u6570\u7ec4\u3002## 4.2 \u94fe\u8868&#xff1a;\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u94fe\u8868&#xff1f;\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u96c6\u5408&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u57df\u548c\u6307\u9488\u57df\u3002\u6570\u636e\u57df\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u57df\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u533a&#xff0c;\u623f\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u9053\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bb6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u6cbf\u7740\u9053\u8def\u8d70\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u7528\u7ef3\u5b50\u4e32\u73e0\u5b50\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u4e32\u591a\u5c11\u9897\u73e0\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e32\u591a\u5c11\u9897\u73e0\u5b50\u3002\u60f3\u52a0\u4e00\u9897\u73e0\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5c31\u627e\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7a7f\u8fdb\u53bb&#xff1b;\u60f3\u51cf\u4e00\u9897\u73e0\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5c31\u628a\u90a3\u9897\u73e0\u5b50\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u7684&#xff0c;\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)&#xff08;\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8981\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u4e32\u73e0\u5b50\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u9897\u73e0\u5b50\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7ef3\u5b50\u89e3\u5f00&#xff0c;\u628a\u65b0\u73e0\u5b50\u7a7f\u8fdb\u53bb&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u628a\u65e7\u73e0\u5b50\u53d6\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7ef3\u5b50\u7cfb\u597d\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u73e0\u5b50&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u7b2c\u56db&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u904d\u5386&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n)\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u5728\u5c0f\u533a\u91cc\u627e\u7b2c100\u6237\u4eba\u5bb6\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c100\u6237\u4eba\u5bb6\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7b2c1\u6237\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6237\u4e00\u6237\u5730\u627e&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7b2c100\u6237\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u9ebb\u70e6&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709&#xff1a;- \u5355\u94fe\u8868&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5934\u5411\u5c3e\u904d\u5386\u3002- \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5934\u5411\u5c3e\u904d\u5386&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5c3e\u5411\u5934\u904d\u5386\u3002- \u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868&#xff1a;\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff1a;- \u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;O(1)\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1b;\u5927\u5c0f\u52a8\u6001&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d&#xff1b;\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u3002- \u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;O(n)\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1b;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500&#xff1b;\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;- \u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f- \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u672a\u77e5&#xff0c;\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u573a\u666f- \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u94fe\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868&#xff08;\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5&#xff09;\u3001\u56fe&#xff08;\u90bb\u63a5\u8868&#xff09;\u7b49\u7b49&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u94fe\u8868\u3002## 4.3 \u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217&#xff1a;\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u3002\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5148\u8bf4\u8bf4\u6808\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6808&#xff1f;\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd&#034;\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa&#034;&#xff08;Last In First Out&#xff0c;LIFO&#xff09;\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u645e\u76d8\u5b50&#xff0c;\u4f60\u653e\u76d8\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4ece\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a\u653e&#xff1b;\u4f60\u53d6\u76d8\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4ece\u4e0a\u5f80\u4e0b\u53d6\u3002\u6700\u540e\u653e\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u76d8\u5b50&#xff0c;\u6700\u5148\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6808\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b&#xff1f;- push&#xff08;\u5165\u6808&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5230\u6808\u9876\u3002- pop&#xff08;\u51fa\u6808&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u6808\u9876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002- peek&#xff08;\u67e5\u770b\u6808\u9876&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6808\u9876\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002- isEmpty&#xff08;\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u6808\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u6808\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u9876\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u95f4\u6216\u6808\u5e95\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u6808\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6808\u9876\u8fdb\u884c\u7684&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\u3002\u6808\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;- \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6808&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u538b\u5165\u6808&#xff1b;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5f39\u51fa\u6808\u3002- \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c&#xff1a;\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u7f00\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8f6c\u540e\u7f00\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002- \u62ec\u53f7\u5339\u914d&#xff1a;\u5224\u65ad\u62ec\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;\u7528\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9047\u5230\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u538b\u6808&#xff0c;\u9047\u5230\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u51fa\u6808&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002- \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000&#xff1a;\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002- \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22&#xff08;DFS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22&#xff0c;\u7528\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff08;\u6216\u8005\u7528\u9012\u5f52&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u6808&#xff09;\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\u8bf4\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u961f\u5217&#xff1f;\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd&#034;\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa&#034;&#xff08;First In First Out&#xff0c;FIFO&#xff09;\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6392\u961f\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u5148\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u5148\u4e70&#xff0c;\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u540e\u4e70\u3002\u961f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b&#xff1f;- enqueue&#xff08;\u5165\u961f&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5230\u961f\u5c3e\u3002- dequeue&#xff08;\u51fa\u961f&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u961f\u9996\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002- 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\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u8bb2\u6838\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u5f88\u591a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709&#xff1a;\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5e0c\u5c14\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;- \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u574f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002- \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002- \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027&#xff1a;\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002- \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u9002\u5408\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u8bb2\u51e0\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002**\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Bubble Sort&#xff09;**\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u91cd\u590d\u5730\u904d\u5386\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4ea4\u6362\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5217\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7531\u6765&#xff0c;\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u7ecf\u7531\u4ea4\u6362&#xff0c;\u6162\u6162&#034;\u6d6e&#034;\u5230\u5217\u8868\u7684\u9876\u7aef&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u6ce1\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u662fO(n)&#xff08;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6700\u574f\u662fO(n\u00b2)&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u662fO(n\u00b2)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\u3002\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u6613&#xff1b;\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002**\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Selection Sort&#xff09;**\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u9996\u5148\u5728\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5b58\u653e\u5230\u6392\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1b;\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u518d\u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u653e\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u574f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u90fd\u662fO(n\u00b2)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u6613&#xff1b;\u4ea4\u6362\u6b21\u6570\u5c11&#xff0c;\u6700\u591an-1\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002**\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Insertion Sort&#xff09;**\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5728\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u626b\u63cf&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u6574\u7406\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u724c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6bcf\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u65b0\u724c&#xff0c;\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u624b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u597d\u5e8f\u7684\u724c\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u9002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u662fO(n)&#xff08;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6700\u574f\u662fO(n\u00b2)&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u662fO(n\u00b2)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\u3002\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u6613&#xff1b;\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1b;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8&#xff1b;\u5728\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5728\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5230\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u66f4\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002**\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Quick Sort&#xff09;**\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20&#xff08;pivot&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206&#xff1b;\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u522b\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u628a\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u662fO(n log n)&#xff0c;\u6700\u574f\u662fO(n\u00b2)&#xff08;\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u5927\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u662fO(n log n)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(log n)&#xff08;\u9012\u5f52\u6808\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n log n)&#xff1b;\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb&#xff1b;\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n\u00b2)&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u573a\u666f\u90fd\u9002\u7528&#xff0c;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982C\u7684qsort\u3001Java\u7684Arrays.sort&#xff08;\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002**\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Merge Sort&#xff09;**\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u534a&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u534a\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u628a\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u4e24\u534a\u5408\u5e76&#xff08;merge&#xff09;\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u628a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5f80\u540e\u79fb\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u653e\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u574f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u90fd\u662fO(n log n)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n)&#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&#xff09;\u3002\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662fO(n log n)&#xff1b;\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1b;\u9002\u5408\u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n)&#xff1b;\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u6bd4\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5927&#xff0c;\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1b;\u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u5916\u90e8\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u592a\u5927&#xff0c;\u5185\u5b58\u653e\u4e0d\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5757\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u5408\u5e76&#xff09;\u3002**\u5806\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Heap Sort&#xff09;**\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5806\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811&#xff0c;\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u9876\u5806\u548c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5927\u9876\u5806\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c&#xff1b;\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;\u9996\u5148&#xff0c;\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9876\u5806&#xff1b;\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u628a\u5806\u9876\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff08;\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff09;\u548c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e&#xff1b;\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u628a\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u5927\u9876\u5806&#xff0c;\u518d\u628a\u5806\u9876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u5806\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a1&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u5c31\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u574f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u90fd\u662fO(n log n)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662fO(n log n)&#xff1b;\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u6bd4\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5927&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684O(n log n)\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1b;\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u3001Top K\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868&#xff1a;| \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 | \u6700\u597d\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 | \u6700\u574f\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 | \u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 | \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 | \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 ||&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-|&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;|| \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f | O(n) | O(n\u00b2) | O(n\u00b2) | O(1) | \u7a33\u5b9a || \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f | O(n\u00b2) | O(n\u00b2) | O(n\u00b2) | O(1) | \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a || \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f | O(n) | O(n\u00b2) | O(n\u00b2) | O(1) | \u7a33\u5b9a || \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f | O(n log n) | O(n\u00b2) | O(n log n) | O(log n) | \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a || \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f | O(n log n) | O(n log n) | O(n log n) | O(n) | \u7a33\u5b9a || \u5806\u6392\u5e8f | O(n log n) | O(n log n) | O(n log n) | O(1) | \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a |\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cdO(n log n)\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u80fd\u624b\u5199\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002## 5.2 \u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u9ad8\u6548\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709&#xff1a;\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u8868\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u8bb2\u51e0\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002**\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;Sequential 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|\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u662f\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u8003\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u719f\u7ec3\u8fd0\u7528\u3002## 5.3 \u9012\u5f52\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb&#xff1a;\u628a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u6210\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u5148\u8bf4\u8bf4\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9012\u5f52&#xff1f;\u9012\u5f52\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u5df1\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u51fa\u53e3&#xff08;\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u5df1\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8981\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u9012\u5f52\u51fa\u53e3\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u8ba1\u7b97n\u7684\u9636\u4e58\u3002n\u7684\u9636\u4e58&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f&#xff1a;n! &#061; n * (n-1) * (n-2) * \u2026 * 1\u3002\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;- \u9012\u5f52\u51fa\u53e3&#xff1a;\u5f53n&#061;1\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;1! &#061; 1\u3002- \u9012\u5f52\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;n! &#061; n * (n-1)!\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u7b97n\u7684\u9636\u4e58&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97(n-1)\u7684\u9636\u4e58&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4e58\u4ee5n\u3002\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97(n-1)\u7684\u9636\u4e58&#xff0c;\u53c8\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97(n-2)\u7684\u9636\u4e58&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4e58\u4ee5(n-1)\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230n&#061;1&#xff0c;\u5230\u8fbe\u9012\u5f52\u51fa\u53e3&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u9010\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230n\u7684\u9636\u4e58\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01&#xff0c;\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3&#xff1b;\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u3001\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5982\u8fed\u4ee3&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u9012\u5f52\u9700\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u9500&#xff1b;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1b;\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u592a\u5927\u7684\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u51fa\u53e3&#xff1b;\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u4f18\u5316&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8981\u592a\u5927&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316&#xff09;\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\u8bf4\u5206\u6cbb\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5206\u6cbb&#xff1f;\u5206\u6cbb\u5c31\u662f&#034;\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b&#034;&#xff0c;\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u5206\u89e3&#xff08;Divide&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u89e3\u51b3&#xff08;Conquer&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u5408\u5e76&#xff08;Combine&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u628a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;- \u5206\u89e3&#xff1a;\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u534a\u3002- \u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u534a\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3002- \u5408\u5e76&#xff1a;\u628a\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u4e24\u534a\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u518d\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u4e5f\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;- \u5206\u89e3&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002- \u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002- \u5408\u5e76&#xff1a;\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u5408\u5e76&#xff0c;\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;- \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002- \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u3002- \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709&#xff1a;\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5&#xff08;Strassen\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5206\u6cbb&#xff0c;\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff0c;\u719f\u7ec3\u8fd0\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002## 5.4 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\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;\u662f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8&#xff0c;\u80fd\u7ed9\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7559\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u5b89\u6392\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u518d\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u96f6\u94b1\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u627e\u7ed9\u987e\u5ba2n\u5143\u94b1&#xff0c;\u6709\u9762\u503c\u4e3a1\u5143\u30015\u5143\u300110\u5143\u300120\u5143\u300150\u5143\u3001100\u5143\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u79cd\u7eb8\u5e01\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee&#xff0c;\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5f20\u7eb8\u5e01&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3&#xff1f;\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9762\u503c\u8d8a\u5927&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f&#xff1a;1. \u5148\u9009\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684100\u5143\u7eb8\u5e01\u30022. \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u94b1&#xff0c;\u518d\u9009\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u768450\u5143\u7eb8\u5e01\u30023. \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u94b1&#xff0c;\u518d\u9009\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u768420\u5143\u7eb8\u5e01\u30024. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u94b1\u627e\u5b8c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u503c\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u9762\u503c\u662f1\u5143\u30013\u5143\u30014\u5143&#xff0c;\u8981\u627e6\u5143\u94b1\u3002\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5148\u90094\u5143&#xff0c;\u518d\u90091\u5143\u30011\u5143&#xff0c;\u4e00\u51713\u5f20\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u9009\u4e24\u4e2a3\u5143&#xff0c;\u4e00\u51712\u5f20\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u8bc1\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;- \u6d3b\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898- \u533a\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898- \u96f6\u94b1\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898- \u54c8\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801- \u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811&#xff08;Prim\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001Kruskal\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;- \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;Dijkstra\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;- \u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6- \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u9002\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff0c;\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u3002## 5.5 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212&#xff1a;\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684&#034;\u5927boss&#034;\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212&#xff08;Dynamic Programming&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0DP&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u8003\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5f88\u96be&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u96be\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212&#xff1f;\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u6709\u70b9\u50cf&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u6210\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0&#xff1b;\u800c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u516c\u5171\u7684\u5b50\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f88\u591a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u800c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u628a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd&#xff1a;&#034;\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002&#034;\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00&#xff0c;\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;dp[i]\u8868\u793a\u524di\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3&#xff0c;dp[i][j]\u8868\u793a\u524di\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u9009j\u4e2a\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f&#xff0c;\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;dp[i] &#061; max(dp[i-1], dp[i-2] &#043; nums[i])\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb&#xff1b;\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u56db\u6b65&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;\u660e\u786e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u786e\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u3002\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f&#xff1a;F(0) &#061; 0&#xff0c;F(1) &#061; 1&#xff0c;F(n) &#061; F(n-1) &#043; F(n-2)&#xff08;n &gt;&#061; 2&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97F(n)&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(2^n)&#xff0c;\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;- \u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;dp[i]\u8868\u793a\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u6570\u3002- \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;dp[i] &#061; dp[i-1] &#043; dp[i-2]\u3002- \u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1a;dp[0] &#061; 0&#xff0c;dp[1] &#061; 1\u3002- \u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u4ece2\u5230n&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u904d\u5386\u3002- \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;dp[n]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u964d\u5230\u4e86O(n)&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(n)\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3adp[i]\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8edp[i-1]\u548cdp[i-2]&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u5c31\u884c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u5230O(1)\u3002\u518d\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u722c\u4e00\u4e2an\u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c1\u9636\u6216\u80052\u9636&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876&#xff1f;\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;- \u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;dp[i]\u8868\u793a\u722c\u5230\u7b2ci\u9636\u697c\u68af\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6570\u3002- \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u8981\u722c\u5230\u7b2ci\u9636\u697c\u68af&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4ece\u7b2ci-1\u9636\u722c1\u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4ece\u7b2ci-2\u9636\u722c2\u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;dp[i] &#061; dp[i-1] &#043; dp[i-2]\u3002- \u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1a;dp[1] &#061; 1&#xff08;\u722c1\u9636\u53ea\u67091\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff0c;dp[2] &#061; 2&#xff08;\u722c2\u9636\u67092\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;1&#043;1\u6216\u80052&#xff09;\u3002- \u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u4ece3\u5230n&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u904d\u5386\u3002- \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;dp[n]\u3002\u4f60\u770b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u548c\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u4e3e\u4e00\u53cd\u4e09\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;- \u7ebf\u6027DP&#xff1a;\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u3001\u722c\u697c\u68af\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u3001\u6253\u5bb6\u52ab\u820d\u7b49\u3002- \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;0-1\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u3002- \u533a\u95f4DP&#xff1a;\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u957f\u56de\u6587\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u94fe\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u77f3\u5b50\u5408\u5e76\u7b49\u3002- \u6811\u5f62DP&#xff1a;\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5927\u72ec\u7acb\u96c6\u3001\u6811\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u3001\u6811\u5f62\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u3002- \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29DP&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6765\u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29DP\u7b49\u3002- \u6570\u4f4dDP&#xff1a;\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u591a\u505a\u9898&#xff0c;\u591a\u603b\u7ed3&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u653b\u514b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3002## 5.6 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\u7ecf\u5178\u4e66\u7c4d\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7ebf\u5237\u9898\u5e73\u53f0&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5178\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ecf\u5178\u4e66\u7c4d\u6709&#xff1a;\u300a\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7b2c4\u7248&#xff09;\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u662fRobert Sedgewick\u548cKevin Wayne\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u6750&#xff0c;\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u9762&#xff0c;\u8bb2\u89e3\u8be6\u7ec6&#xff0c;\u914d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;Java\u8bed\u8a00&#xff09;\u3002\u9002\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u3002\u300a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bfc\u8bba&#xff08;\u539f\u4e66\u7b2c3\u7248&#xff09;\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u662fThomas H. 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