\n| .\u65b9\u6cd5()<\/td>\n | \u5bf9\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u505a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n | .text()\u3001.css()\u3001.append()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u8bb0\u4f4f：\u5148\u9009\u4e2d，\u518d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u5728 $(function(){ … }) \u91cc，\u7b49\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n 1.3 \u5143\u7d20\u9009\u62e9\u5668<\/h3>\n$("#pageTitle") \/\/ # \u6309 id \u627e（\u552f\u4e00）
\n$(".message") \/\/ . \u6309 class \u627e（\u6279\u91cf）<\/p>\n 1.4 \u5185\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c：.val () \u548c .text ()<\/h3>\n$("#username").val("\u5f20\u4e09"); \/\/ \u8bfb\u5199\u8868\u5355\u503c（input\/textarea\/select）
\n$("#description").text("\u65b0\u6587\u5b57"); \/\/ \u8bfb\u5199\u666e\u901a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n \u65e0\u53c2\u6570 = \u8bfb\u53d6，\u6709\u53c2\u6570 = \u4fee\u6539\u3002.text() \u5f53\u7eaf\u6587\u672c，.html() \u5f53 HTML \u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n 1.5 \u5c42\u7ea7\u5b9a\u4f4d：.parent () \/.siblings () \/.children ()<\/h3>\n$(this).parent().css("border", "2px solid red"); \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u7236\u5143\u7d20
\n$(this).siblings().css("background-color", "#fee2e2"); \/\/ \u5144\u5f1f\u5143\u7d20（\u4e0d\u542b\u81ea\u5df1）
\n$("#container").children().css("color", "blue"); \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u5b50\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n 1.6 \u6837\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539：.css ()<\/h3>\n$("#box").css("color", "red"); \/\/ \u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027
\n$("#box").css({ "color": "white", \/\/ \u4e00\u6b21\u6539\u591a\u4e2a
\n "background-color": "#2563eb" });
\nvar c = $("#box").css("color"); \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n 1.7 \u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u52a0：.append ()<\/h3>\n$("#list").append("<li>\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u9879<\/li>"); \/\/ \u8ffd\u52a0 HTML \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n$("#list").append($("<li><\/li>").text("\u5b89\u5168\u5199\u6cd5")); \/\/ \u5148\u5efa\u5143\u7d20\u518d\u5199\u5165（\u9632 XSS）<\/p>\n 1.8 Ajax \u8bf7\u6c42：$.ajax () \u548c $.post ()<\/h3>\n$.ajax({
\n url: "\/api\/posts\/1",
\n type: "GET",
\n dataType: "json",
\n success: function(res) { $("#result").text(res.title); }, \/\/ \u6210\u529f
\n error: function() { console.log("\u5931\u8d25"); } \/\/ \u5931\u8d25
\n});<\/p>\n $.post("\/api\/posts", { title: "\u6807\u9898" }, function(res) {
\n console.log(res);
\n}, "json");<\/p>\n 1.9 \u524d\u7aef\u65b9\u6cd5\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4f5c\u7528\u5178\u578b\u5199\u6cd5<\/tr>\n \n\n| $("#id")<\/td>\n | \u6309 id \u9009\u552f\u4e00\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n | $("#title")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| $(".class")<\/td>\n | \u6309 class \u6279\u91cf\u9009<\/td>\n | $(".item")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .val()<\/td>\n | \u8bfb \/ \u5199\u8868\u5355\u503c<\/td>\n | $("#name").val()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .text()<\/td>\n | \u8bfb \/ \u5199\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/td>\n | $("#msg").text("\u5b8c\u6210")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .parent()<\/td>\n | \u627e\u7236\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n | $(this).parent()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .siblings()<\/td>\n | \u627e\u5144\u5f1f\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n | $(this).siblings()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .children()<\/td>\n | \u627e\u5b50\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n | $("#box").children()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .css()<\/td>\n | \u8bfb \/ \u6539\u6837\u5f0f<\/td>\n | $("#b").css("color","red")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| .append()<\/td>\n | \u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/td>\n | $("#list").append("<li>x<\/li>")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| $.ajax() \/ $.post()<\/td>\n | \u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u7aef<\/td>\n | $.post(url, data, cb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206：\u540e\u7aef\u7bc7 \u2014\u2014 Flask \u5fc5\u638c\u63e1\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/h2>\n\u505a\u540e\u7aef，\u6838\u5fc3\u94fe\u8def\u662f：\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e \u2192 \u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6bcf\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u914d Flask \u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n 2.1 Python \u57fa\u7840（\u5730\u57fa）<\/h3>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001if\/for\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001\u7c7b\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u8865\u5b57\u5178（\u540e\u7aef\u5904\u7406 JSON \u5168\u9760\u5b83）：<\/p>\n user = {"name": "\u5f20\u4e09", "age": 20}
\nprint(user["name"]) # \u5f20\u4e09<\/p>\n 2.2 HTTP \u534f\u8bae（\u5730\u57fa，\u6700\u6613\u5ffd\u7565）<\/h3>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n \n- \u8bf7\u6c42：\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u300c\u8bbf\u95ee \/user\/1，\u65b9\u6cd5 GET，\u5e26\u6570\u636e xxx\u300d<\/li>\n
- \u54cd\u5e94：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u7801 200，\u5185\u5bb9 JSON\u300d<\/li>\n
- GET = \u53d6\u6570\u636e（\u67e5）；POST = \u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e（\u589e\u6539）<\/li>\n
- \u72b6\u6001\u7801：200 \u6210\u529f\u3001404 \u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u3001500 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u9519<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u524d\u7aef\u7684 $.get() \/ $.post() \u5c31\u662f\u5411 Flask \u53d1 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42，\u540e\u7aef\u518d\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u524d\u7aef Ajax \u2194 \u540e\u7aef\u8def\u7531，\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n 2.3 Flask \u8def\u7531<\/h3>\n@app.route \u628a\u300c\u7f51\u5740\u300d\u548c\u300c\u51fd\u6570\u300d\u7ed1\u8d77\u6765：<\/p>\n from flask import Flask
\napp = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n @app.route('\/') # \u6839\u8def\u5f84
\ndef index():
\n return "\u9996\u9875"<\/p>\n @app.route('\/user\/<int:uid>') # \u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570 \/user\/123
\ndef user(uid):
\n return f"\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6237 {uid} \u53f7"<\/p>\n 2.4 \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94（\u6838\u5fc3，\u5fc5\u987b\u719f\u7ec3）<\/h3>\n\u540e\u7aef\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b：\u62ff\u524d\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u524d\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n from flask import request, jsonify, render_template<\/p>\n @app.route('\/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
\ndef login():
\n if request.method == 'POST':
\n username = request.form.get('username') # \u62ff\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e
\n # \u62ff JSON：data = request.get_json()
\n return jsonify({"msg": "\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f", "user": username})
\n return render_template('login.html') # GET \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n \n\u5bf9\u8c61 \/ \u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n \n\n| request.args.get()<\/td>\n | \u62ff URL \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570 ?name=xx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| request.form.get()<\/td>\n | \u62ff\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| request.get_json()<\/td>\n | \u62ff JSON \u6570\u636e（\u914d $.ajax）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| jsonify()<\/td>\n | \u8fd4\u56de JSON<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| render_template()<\/td>\n | \u8fd4\u56de HTML \u9875\u9762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n2.5 \u6570\u636e\u5e93 CRUD（\u6838\u5fc3，\u540e\u7aef\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c）<\/h3>\n\u540e\u7aef 90% \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u300c\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u300d\u3002\u7528 SQLAlchemy：<\/p>\n class User(db.Model): # \u4e00\u5f20"\u7528\u6237"\u8868
\n id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
\n name = db.Column(db.String(80))<\/p>\n # \u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5（CRUD）\u2014\u2014 \u540e\u7aef\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u529f
\nuser = User(name="\u5f20\u4e09") # Create \u589e
\ndb.session.add(user); db.session.commit()<\/p>\n u = User.query.get(1) # Read \u67e5
\nu.name = "\u674e\u56db"; db.session.commit() # Update \u6539<\/p>\n db.session.delete(u); db.session.commit() # Delete \u5220<\/p>\n CRUD（\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5）\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c，\u4e00\u5207\u529f\u80fd（\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u53d1\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u4e0b\u5355）\u672c\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n 2.6 \u8fd4\u56de JSON \u63a5\u53e3（\u6838\u5fc3，\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\u7aef）<\/h3>\n\u524d\u7aef Ajax \u8981\u7684\u662f\u6570\u636e，\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u9875 HTML\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u7aef\u8981\u5199\u300c\u63a5\u53e3\u300d：<\/p>\n @app.route('\/api\/posts')
\ndef posts():
\n data = [{"id": 1, "title": "\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7"}, {"id": 2, "title": "\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7"}]
\n return jsonify(data) # \u8fd4\u56de JSON，\u524d\u7aef $.ajax \u63a5\u6536<\/p>\n 2.7 \u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3 Jinja2（\u505a\u300c\u4e0d\u5206\u79bb\u300d\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u7528）<\/h3>\n\u5728 HTML \u91cc\u5199 Python \u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n <ul>
\n {% for post in posts %}
\n <li>{{ post.title }}<\/li> <!– \u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf –>
\n {% endfor %}
\n<\/ul>
\n{% if user %} \u4f60\u597d，{{ user.name }} {% endif %}<\/p>\n 2.8 \u4f1a\u8bdd Session（\u505a\u767b\u5f55\u7528）<\/h3>\nfrom flask import session
\nsession["user_id"] = 1 # \u5b58\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001
\nsession.pop("user_id", None) # \u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55\u6e05\u9664<\/p>\n 2.9 \u540e\u7aef\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u952e\u4ee3\u7801<\/tr>\n \n\n| Python \u57fa\u7840<\/td>\n | \u5199\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5730\u57fa<\/td>\n | \u53d8\u91cf \/ \u51fd\u6570 \/ \u5b57\u5178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| HTTP<\/td>\n | \u524d\u540e\u7aef\u5bf9\u8bdd\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n | GET\/POST\/ \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u8def\u7531<\/td>\n | \u7f51\u5740 \u2192 \u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n | @app.route('\/x')<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n | \u62ff\u524d\u7aef\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n | request.form \/ request.get_json()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u54cd\u5e94<\/td>\n | \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/td>\n | jsonify() \/ render_template()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td>\n | \u5b58 \/ \u67e5\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n | SQLAlchemy CRUD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n | \u8fd4\u56de JSON<\/td>\n | jsonify(data)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u6a21\u677f<\/td>\n | \u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u9875\u9762<\/td>\n | {{ \u53d8\u91cf }} {% for %}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td>\n | \u8bb0\u4f4f\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n | session<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206：\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u8054\u8c03 \u2014\u2014 \u6253\u901a\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def<\/h2>\n3.1 \u8054\u8c03\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\u4e00\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\u94fe\u8def\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684：<\/p>\n \u524d\u7aef jQuery \u540e\u7aef Flask
\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
\n$.post("\/api\/messages", \u2500\u2500\u2192 @app.route('\/api\/messages', methods=['POST'])
\n { content: "\u4f60\u597d" }) request.form.get("content") \u2190 \u6536\u6570\u636e
\n \u2193 \u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n db.session.add(…); commit()
\n return jsonify({…}) \u2190 \u8fd4 JSON
\nsuccess: function(res) \u2190\u2500\u2500 （\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u524d\u7aef）
\n $("#list").append(…) \u524d\u7aef\u628a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n \u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u56db\u6b65：\u2460 \u524d\u7aef\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 \u2461 \u540e\u7aef\u6536\u6570\u636e \u2192 \u2462 \u540e\u7aef\u5b58\u5e93 \/ \u67e5\u5e93 \u2192 \u2463 \u540e\u7aef\u8fd4 JSON，\u524d\u7aef\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n 3.2 \u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b：\u7559\u8a00\u677f（\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u8054\u8c03\u5b9e\u6218）<\/h3>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u7559\u8a00\u677f，\u628a\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n \u540e\u7aef app.py：<\/p>\n from flask import Flask, render_template, request, jsonify
\nfrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n app = Flask(__name__)
\napp.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:\/\/\/message.db'
\ndb = SQLAlchemy(app)<\/p>\n class Message(db.Model): # \u7559\u8a00\u8868
\n id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
\n content = db.Column(db.String(200))<\/p>\n @app.route('\/')
\ndef index():
\n return render_template('index.html') # \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n @app.route('\/api\/messages', methods=['GET']) # \u67e5：\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u7559\u8a00
\ndef get_messages():
\n msgs = Message.query.all()
\n return jsonify([{"id": m.id, "content": m.content} for m in msgs])<\/p>\n @app.route('\/api\/messages', methods=['POST']) # \u589e：\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u6761\u7559\u8a00
\ndef add_message():
\n content = request.form.get("content") # \u6536\u524d\u7aef\u6570\u636e
\n msg = Message(content=content)
\n db.session.add(msg) # \u5b58\u5e93
\n db.session.commit()
\n return jsonify({"id": msg.id, "content": msg.content})<\/p>\n if __name__ == '__main__':
\n with app.app_context():
\n db.create_all() # \u5efa\u8868
\n app.run(port=5200, debug=True)<\/p>\n \u524d\u7aef templates\/index.html：<\/p>\n <script src="https:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"><\/script><\/p>\n <input id="content" placeholder="\u8bf4\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48">
\n<button id="send">\u53d1\u5e03<\/button>
\n<ul id="list"><\/ul><\/p>\n <script>
\n$(function () {
\n \/\/ \u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6：\u62c9\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7559\u8a00\u5e76\u663e\u793a
\n $.get("\/api\/messages", function (list) {
\n list.forEach(function (m) {
\n $("#list").append($("<li><\/li>").text(m.content));
\n });
\n });<\/p>\n \/\/ \u70b9\u51fb\u53d1\u5e03：\u63d0\u4ea4\u7559\u8a00，\u6210\u529f\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868
\n $("#send").click(function () {
\n var content = $("#content").val().trim(); \/\/ 1. \u8bfb\u8f93\u5165\u6846
\n if (content === "") { alert("\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a"); return; }<\/p>\n $.post("\/api\/messages", { content: content }, \/\/ 2. \u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef
\n function (res) { \/\/ 3. \u540e\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u540e
\n $("#list").append($("<li><\/li>").text(res.content)); \/\/ 4. \u663e\u793a
\n $("#content").val("");
\n }, "json");
\n });
\n});
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