{"id":101563,"date":"2026-09-07T00:36:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T16:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/101563.html"},"modified":"2026-09-07T00:36:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T16:36:46","slug":"debian-nginx-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9ahttps%e3%80%81%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91%e3%80%81%e5%8f%8d%e5%90%91%e4%bb%a3%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e-ip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/101563.html","title":{"rendered":"Debian Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218\uff1aHTTPS\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e IP"},"content":{"rendered":"

Debian Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218：HTTPS\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e IP<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u670d\u52a1\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Nginx \u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u5e03\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u627f\u8f7d HTTPS \u5165\u53e3\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u540e\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u540e\u7aef\u62d3\u6251\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5 Debian \u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4e32\u8054\u8bc1\u4e66\u7533\u8bf7\u3001HTTPS \u7ad9\u70b9\u3001HTTP \u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u9690\u85cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u3001HTTPS \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u548c\u9875\u9762\u7f13\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Nginx \u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5c42，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7406\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u66ff\u4ee3\u540e\u7aef Apache\u3001PHP-FPM \u6216\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e94\u7528；\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1 Nginx \u672c\u8eab\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u51c6\u5907\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u7cfb\u7edf**：Debian \u7cfb Linux；\u539f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a Debian 10\u3001Linux 4.19 \u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u6743\u9650**：root \u6216\u5177\u5907 sudo \u6743\u9650\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u89d2\u8272**：Nginx Server \u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b HTTP\/HTTPS；\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53e6\u6709 CA\u3001Apache\u3001Nginx \u6216\u5e94\u7528\u540e\u7aef；\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528 curl \u6216\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u8f6f\u4ef6**：\u5b89\u88c5 nginx\u3001openssl；\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 Easy-RSA \u6216\u72ec\u7acb CA，\u8fd8\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u5e94\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7b7e\u53d1\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u57df\u540d**：\u51c6\u5907\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\u548c DNS \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528 <server-name>\u3001<backend-server> \u7b49\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26，\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u7167\u6284\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u7f51\u7edc**：\u5f00\u653e TCP 80\/443；\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u573a\u666f\u8fd8\u8981\u786e\u4fdd Nginx \u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u8bc1\u4e66**：\u51c6\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u79c1\u94a5\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u3002\u79c1\u94a5\u6743\u9650\u5e94\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236，\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0a\u4f20\u79c1\u94a5\u6216\u771f\u5b9e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u76ee\u5f55**：\u786e\u8ba4\u7ad9\u70b9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u6743\u9650；\u7981\u6b62\u7528 chmod 777 \u4ee3\u66ff\u6743\u9650\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u5907\u4efd**：\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf \u548c sites-available \u914d\u7f6e\u524d\u5148\u5907\u4efd，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 nginx -t \u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3. \u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u2022 server \u6839\u636e\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u548c server_name \u5339\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42；\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u5171\u7528 80\/443 \u65f6，\u57df\u540d\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ad9\u70b9\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 HTTP \u8df3\u8f6c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;，\u6bd4\u590d\u6742 rewrite \u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 302，\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\u518d\u4f7f\u7528 301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 server_tokens off \u53ea\u9690\u85cf Nginx \u7248\u672c\u53f7，\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u8865\u4e01\u66f4\u65b0\u3001WAF\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u9012 Host\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u3002$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for \u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u6709 X-Forwarded-For \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5730\u5740；\u540e\u7aef\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee3\u7406\u6765\u6e90\u65f6\u624d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e IP\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 HTTPS \u4ee3\u7406\u5230 HTTPS \u540e\u7aef\u65f6，\u8981\u8003\u8651 SNI \u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6821\u9a8c\u3002proxy_ssl_server_name on \u89e3\u51b3 SNI \u4f20\u9012，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4fe1 CA \u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u4e0d\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56 proxy_ssl_verify off\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 proxy_cache \u9002\u5408\u7f13\u5b58\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u7684 GET\/HEAD \u54cd\u5e94；\u767b\u5f55\u6001\u3001\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u952e\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u8003\u8651 Host\u3001URI\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 Nginx \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684 $remote_addr \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740；\u540e\u7aef\u8bb0\u5f55 $http_x_forwarded_for \u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4fe1\u4ee3\u7406，\u5426\u5219\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u9020\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u5148 nginx -t，\u518d systemctl reload nginx\u3002reload \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u65e7 worker \u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u52a1，\u5fc5\u987b\u67e5\u770b\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4. \u5b9e\u9a8c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

4.1 \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Nginx<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

uname -a
\napt update
\napt install -y nginx openssl
\nsystemctl enable –now nginx<\/p>\n

\u786e\u8ba4 Nginx \u7248\u672c\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -v
\nsystemctl is-active nginx<\/p>\n

4.2 \u751f\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728 Nginx Server \u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u79c1\u94a5\u548c CSR\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u4f01\u4e1a CA \u6216\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u8bc1\u4e66\u673a\u6784，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u57df\u540d\u586b\u5199 SAN；\u79c1\u94a5\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

umask 077
\nopenssl genrsa -out \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key 2048
\nopenssl req -new -key \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key -out \/tmp\/server.csr<\/p>\n

CSR \u4e2d\u7684 Common Name \u548c SAN \u5e94\u5305\u542b\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbf\u95ee\u57df\u540d，\u4f8b\u5982 <server-name>\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

install -o root -g root -m 0644 server.crt \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/server.crt
\ninstall -o root -g root -m 0644 ca-chain.crt \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/ca-chain.crt
\nchmod 0600 \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u79c1\u94a5\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u622a\u56fe\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u516c\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.3 \u914d\u7f6e HTTPS \u7ad9\u70b9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\u7ad9\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

vi \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7840 HTTPS \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

server {
\n listen 443 ssl;
\n listen [::]:443 ssl;
\n server_name <server-name>;<\/p>\n

ssl_certificate \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/server.crt;
\n ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key;
\n ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;<\/p>\n

root \/var\/www\/html;
\n index index.html;<\/p>\n

location \/ {
\n try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -t
\nsystemctl reload nginx<\/p>\n

4.4 \u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9875\u9762：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

cat > \/var\/www\/html\/index.html <<'EOF'
\nNginx HTTPS test page
\nEOF
\nchown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html
\nchmod 0755 \/var\/www\/html<\/p>\n

\u5728 \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf \u7684 http \u5757\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f，\u5e76\u6309\u7ad9\u70b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

log_format main '$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
\n '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
\n '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';<\/p>\n

access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main;
\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn;<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 777；\u6309 Nginx \u670d\u52a1\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u7b56\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.5 \u9690\u85cf Nginx \u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728 http \u5757\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

server_tokens off;<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -t
\nsystemctl reload nginx<\/p>\n

\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u786e\u8ba4\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u9690\u85cf：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

curl -kI https:\/\/<server-name>\/<\/p>\n

-k \u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u8bc1\u4e66\u672a\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u6b63\u786e\u90e8\u7f72\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u5e76\u53bb\u6389 -k\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.6 \u914d\u7f6e HTTP \u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c HTTPS<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c06 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u8df3\u8f6c：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

server {
\n listen 80;
\n listen [::]:80;
\n server_name <server-name>;<\/p>\n

return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -t
\nsystemctl reload nginx
\ncurl -I http:\/\/<server-name>\/<\/p>\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u5e94\u4e3a 301，\u5e76\u4e14 Location \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.7 \u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406 HTTPS \u540e\u7aef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230 <backend-server>：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

server {
\n listen 443 ssl;
\n server_name <proxy-server-name>;<\/p>\n

ssl_certificate \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/server.crt;
\n ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key;<\/p>\n

location \/ {
\n proxy_pass https:\/\/<backend-server>;
\n proxy_ssl_server_name on;
\n proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
\n proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
\n proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u7531\u5185\u90e8 CA \u7b7e\u53d1，\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4fe1 CA，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u6821\u9a8c：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate \/etc\/nginx\/ca\/backend-ca.pem;
\nproxy_ssl_verify on;
\nproxy_ssl_verify_depth 2;<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u622a\u56fe：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"image1\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"image2\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -t
\nsystemctl reload nginx
\ncurl -kI https:\/\/<proxy-server-name>\/<\/p>\n

4.8 \u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u8bb0\u5f55\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u540e\u7aef Apache \u53ef\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55 Nginx \u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5934\u90e8：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %h %l %u %t \\\\"%r\\\\" %>s %b \\\\"%{Referer}i\\\\" \\\\"%{User-Agent}i\\\\"" proxy_combined<\/p>\n

\u540e\u7aef Nginx \u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55 TCP \u6765\u6e90\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u90e8：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

log_format main '$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
\n '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
\n '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
\naccess_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main;<\/p>\n

\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u622a\u56fe：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"image3\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"image4\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"image5\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.9 \u914d\u7f6e\u9875\u9762\u7f13\u5b58（\u6309\u9700\u542f\u7528）<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u767b\u5f55\u6001\u3001\u65e0\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684 GET\/HEAD \u9875\u9762\u542f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

http {
\n proxy_cache_path \/var\/cache\/nginx\/proxy_cache
\n levels=1:2
\n keys_zone=proxycache:20m
\n inactive=120s
\n max_size=1g;<\/p>\n

server {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name <cache-proxy-name>;<\/p>\n

location \/ {
\n proxy_pass https:\/\/<backend-server>;
\n proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
\n proxy_cache proxycache;
\n proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
\n proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;
\n proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
\n add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status always;
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u5c5e\u4e3b\u540e\u68c0\u67e5：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

mkdir -p \/var\/cache\/nginx\/proxy_cache
\nchown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/cache\/nginx\/proxy_cache
\nnginx -t
\nsystemctl reload nginx<\/p>\n

5. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

5.1 \u670d\u52a1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

nginx -t
\nsystemctl is-active nginx
\nsystemctl status nginx –no-pager
\nss -lntup | grep -E ':80|:443'<\/p>\n

Nginx \u5e94\u5904\u4e8e active \u72b6\u6001，\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de successful，\u5e76\u76d1\u542c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 80\/443 \u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.2 \u9a8c\u8bc1 HTTP \u8df3\u8f6c\u548c HTTPS \u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

curl -I http:\/\/<server-name>\/
\ncurl -I https:\/\/<server-name>\/
\ncurl -sS -D- https:\/\/<server-name>\/ -o \/tmp\/nginx-body.txt<\/p>\n

HTTP \u5e94\u8fd4\u56de 301\/302 \u5e76\u6307\u5411 HTTPS；HTTPS \u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u9884\u671f\u4e1a\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u672a\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u65f6\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 curl -k，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u4fee\u590d\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.3 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7248\u672c\u9690\u85cf\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

curl -sS -k -D- https:\/\/<server-name>\/ -o \/dev\/null | grep -i '^Server:'
\ncurl -sS -k https:\/\/<proxy-server-name>\/
\ntail -n 50 \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/p>\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e0d\u5e94\u66b4\u9732\u5177\u4f53 Nginx \u7248\u672c；\u4ee3\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u7aef\u5185\u5bb9，\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u80fd\u591f\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8981\u7ed3\u5408 Nginx \u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7，\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u770b\u540e\u7aef $remote_addr\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.4 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f13\u5b58\u72b6\u6001<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

curl -sS -D- http:\/\/<cache-proxy-name>\/ -o \/dev\/null | grep -i '^X-Cache-Status:'
\ncurl -sS -D- http:\/\/<cache-proxy-name>\/ -o \/dev\/null | grep -i '^X-Cache-Status:'<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0 HIT \u624d\u8bf4\u660e\u547d\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58；\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de MISS\u3001BYPASS \u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u5934，\u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u662f\u5426\u643a\u5e26\u767b\u5f55 Cookie\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.5 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u6545\u969c\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

tail -n 50 \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log
\njournalctl -u nginx -n 50 –no-pager<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u73b0 4xx\/5xx \u65f6，\u7ed3\u5408 Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001DNS\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5b9e\u9645\u5931\u8d25\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

6. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u2022 **Nginx \u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25**：\u5148\u6267\u884c nginx -t，\u68c0\u67e5\u62ec\u53f7\u3001\u5206\u53f7\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u76d1\u542c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **HTTP \u6ca1\u6709\u8df3 HTTPS**：\u68c0\u67e5 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u547d\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807 server_name，\u786e\u8ba4 return 301 \u4f4d\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684 server \u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **HTTPS \u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef**：\u68c0\u67e5\u57df\u540d\u3001SAN\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u3001\u79c1\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe；\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 curl -k \u63a9\u76d6\u751f\u4ea7\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406 502\/504**：\u4ece Nginx Server \u6267\u884c curl \u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\u7aef，\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3\u3001DNS\u3001TLS\/SNI\u3001\u8def\u7531\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u540e\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u7406 IP**：\u786e\u8ba4 X-Forwarded-For \u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f；\u53ea\u5bf9\u53ef\u4fe1\u4ee3\u7406\u542f\u7528\u771f\u5b9e IP \u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4ecd\u663e\u793a**：\u786e\u8ba4 server_tokens off \u4f4d\u4e8e http\u3001server \u6216 location \u6709\u6548\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587，\u5e76\u6267\u884c reload \u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u7f13\u5b58\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e7\u9875\u9762**：\u68c0\u67e5 X-Cache-Status\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u952e\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001Cookie \u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5934；\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4\u540e\u6309\u9700\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 **\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5199\u5165**：\u68c0\u67e5 \/var\/log\/nginx \u6743\u9650\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5f00 777 \u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Debian Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218：HTTPS\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e IP1. \u670d\u52a1\u4ecb\u7ecdNginx \u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u5e03\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u627f\u8f7d HTTPS \u5165\u53e3\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u540e\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u540e\u7aef\u62d3\u6251\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5 Debian \u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4e32\u8054\u8bc1\u4e66\u7533\u8bf7\u3001HTTPS \u7ad9\u70b9\u3001HTTP \u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u9690\u85cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u3001HTTPS \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u548c\u9875\u9762\u7f13\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u3002Nginx \u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5c42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":101558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[402,58],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-101563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-debian","tag-linux"],"yoast_head":"\nDebian Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218\uff1aHTTPS\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e IP - 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