{"id":101553,"date":"2026-09-07T00:36:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T16:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/101553.html"},"modified":"2026-09-07T00:36:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T16:36:36","slug":"%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9ahttps%e3%80%81%e8%af%81%e4%b9%a6%e9%93%be%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e9%97%b4%e4%ba%ba%e6%94%bb%e5%87%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/101553.html","title":{"rendered":"\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1aHTTPS\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;\u4e09&#xff09;&#xff1a;HTTPS\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u524d\u8a00<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001HTTPS \u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 HTTPS \u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>1.2 HTTPS \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u8f93\u5165 URL \u5230 TLS \u63e1\u624b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 DNS \u4e0e HTTPS \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>2.2 SNI \u548c ALPN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001X.509 \u8bc1\u4e66\u5230\u5e95\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>3.2 Subject Alternative Name<\/li>\n<li>3.3 Key Usage \u4e0e Extended Key Usage<\/li>\n<li>3.4 \u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u64a4\u9500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 \u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u951a<\/li>\n<li>4.2 \u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66<\/li>\n<li>4.3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u9001\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66<\/li>\n<li>4.4 \u4ea4\u53c9\u7b7e\u53d1\u4e0e\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e94\u3001HTTPS \u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e ECDHE \u7684\u5206\u5de5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>5.1 \u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1a;\u7ed1\u5b9a\u957f\u671f\u8eab\u4efd\u516c\u94a5<\/li>\n<li>5.2 ECDHE&#xff1a;\u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u79d8\u5bc6<\/li>\n<li>5.3 CertificateVerify&#xff1a;\u8bc1\u660e\u79c1\u94a5\u6301\u6709<\/li>\n<li>5.4 Finished&#xff1a;\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63e1\u624b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u516d\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>6.1 \u88f8 DH\/ECDH \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/li>\n<li>6.2 HTTPS \u5982\u4f55\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb<\/li>\n<li>6.3 \u590d\u5236\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u8eab\u4efd<\/li>\n<li>6.4 \u4f2a\u9020\u57df\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e03\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a HTTPS \u4ee3\u7406\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>7.1 \u4f01\u4e1a\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>7.2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7167\u642c<\/li>\n<li>7.3 \u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u516b\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u67e5 HTTPS \u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>8.1 \u5148\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/li>\n<li>8.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u663e\u793a\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u65f6<\/li>\n<li>8.3 \u89c2\u5bdf\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u66ff\u6362<\/li>\n<li>8.4 CTF \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8003\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e5d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>9.1 HTTPS \u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf IP \u548c\u57df\u540d<\/li>\n<li>9.2 \u6709\u8bc1\u4e66\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9<\/li>\n<li>9.3 \u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n<li>9.4 \u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728 HTTP \u660e\u6587\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>9.5 \u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u6240\u6709 PKI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u524d\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>HTTPS \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f HTTP over TLS&#xff1a;\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 TLS \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u518d\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6 HTTPS \u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u62ff\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a HTTP \u52a0\u5bc6\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u65b9\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u9519&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u5230\u5e95\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u4efb\u67d0\u4e2a CA&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u540d\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>TLS \u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u548c ECDHE \u5206\u522b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6076\u610f\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5bc6 HTTPS\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee HTTPS \u7f51\u7ad9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u4e32\u8d77 DNS\u3001TCP\u3001TLS\u3001X.509 \u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb0\u4f4f\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7a81\u7834\u54ea\u4e9b\u73af\u8282\u624d\u80fd\u5192\u5145\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u6388\u6743\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c CTF \u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u66ff\u6362\u6216\u6d41\u91cf\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66 \u4e13\u680f&#xff1a; https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/r_feynman_\/category_13190241.html<\/p>\n<p>Crypto \u5bc6\u7801\u89e3\u6790\u5b9e\u6218\u9776\u573a&#xff1a;https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/r_feynman_\/category_13194584.html<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001HTTPS \u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1 HTTPS \u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/example.com\/path<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c42\u6b21&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>HTTP<br \/>\n  \u2193<br \/>\nTLS<br \/>\n  \u2193<br \/>\nTCP<br \/>\n  \u2193<br \/>\nIP<\/p>\n<p>HTTP \u8d1f\u8d23\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u8bed\u4e49&#xff1b;TLS \u8d1f\u8d23\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546\u3001\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff1b;TCP \u8d1f\u8d23\u53ef\u9760\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTPS \u4e0d\u662f\u628a HTTP \u6d88\u606f\u5355\u72ec\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u53d1\u9001&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5148\u5efa\u7acb TLS \u4f1a\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u518d\u628a HTTP \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4ea4\u7ed9 TLS \u8bb0\u5f55\u5c42\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u63e1\u624b\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6b63\u6587\u3002TLS \u4e5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u9690\u85cf\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>1.2 HTTPS \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/h4>\n<p>\u673a\u5bc6\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         M<\/p>\n<p>          \u2192<\/p>\n<p>             AEAD<\/p>\n<p>             \u2061<\/p>\n<p>            K<\/p>\n<p>         C<\/p>\n<p>         M\\\\xrightarrow{\\\\operatorname{AEAD}_K}C <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.1113em;vertical-align: -0.011em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">M<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel x-arrow\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.1003em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.322em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight x-arrow-pad\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mop mtight\"><span class=\"mop mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathrm mtight\">AEAD<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3448em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.3567em;margin-right: 0.0714em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.5em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1433em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"svg-align\" style=\"top: -2.689em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"hide-tail\" style=\"height: 0.522em;min-width: 1.469em\"><\/p>\n<p>            <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.011em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        K<\/p>\n<p>       K<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u662f\u672c\u6b21 TLS \u4f1a\u8bdd\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u6587\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u8bb0\u5f55\u987a\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5e94\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u7be1\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ea4\u7ed9 HTTP \u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u5bf9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u628a\u79c1\u94a5\u201d&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u628a\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u786e\u5b9e\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5&#xff1b;\u53ea\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7be1\u6539&#xff1b;\u53ea\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u5bc6\u6027&#xff0c;\u6d88\u606f\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u8f93\u5165 URL \u5230 TLS \u63e1\u624b<\/h3>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee HTTPS \u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u5206\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790 URL&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u8def\u5f84&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c DNS \u89e3\u6790&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb TCP \u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u6216\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb QUIC \u8fde\u63a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u8d77 TLS ClientHello&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u534f\u5546\u7248\u672c\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7ec4\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u548c\u6269\u5c55&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u7b7e\u540d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 ECDHE \u6216\u6062\u590d PSK \u5efa\u7acb\u63e1\u624b\u79d8\u5bc6&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 KDF \u6d3e\u751f\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u9001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<p>HTTPS \u5b89\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u5e26\u6765\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002DNS \u88ab\u52ab\u6301\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6821\u9a8c\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5b89\u88c5\u3001TLS \u5e93\u7248\u672c\u8fc7\u65e7&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u7ec8\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2.1 DNS \u4e0e HTTPS \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>DNS \u901a\u5e38\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u57df\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u5230 IP \u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4f46 DNS \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e HTTPS \u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u628a example.com \u89e3\u6790\u5230\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f2a\u9020\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 HTTPS \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6216\u53ea\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u673a\u540d&#xff0c;DNS \u52ab\u6301\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DNSSEC\u3001DoH \u548c DoT \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584 DNS \u6570\u636e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u9690\u79c1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3 TLS \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5e94\u5206\u522b\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2.2 SNI \u548c ALPN<\/h4>\n<p>TLS ClientHello \u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u4e24\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SNI&#xff1a;\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u60f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d&#xff1b;\u4e00\u53f0 IP \u4e0a\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2a HTTPS \u7ad9\u70b9\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u636e\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u914d\u7f6e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>ALPN&#xff1a;\u534f\u5546\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 HTTP\/2 \u6216 HTTP\/1.1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SNI \u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ecd\u7136\u5fc5\u987b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002ALPN \u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9759\u9ed8\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001X.509 \u8bc1\u4e66\u5230\u5e95\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e00\u5f20\u8bc1\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         Cert<\/p>\n<p>         \u2061<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           Sign<\/p>\n<p>           \u2061<\/p>\n<p>           C<\/p>\n<p>           A<\/p>\n<p>           _<\/p>\n<p>           p<\/p>\n<p>           r<\/p>\n<p>           i<\/p>\n<p>           v<\/p>\n<p>           a<\/p>\n<p>           t<\/p>\n<p>           e<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         \u8eab\u4efd<\/p>\n<p>         ,<\/p>\n<p>         \u516c\u94a5<\/p>\n<p>         ,<\/p>\n<p>         \u6709\u6548\u671f<\/p>\n<p>         ,<\/p>\n<p>         \u7528\u9014<\/p>\n<p>         ,<\/p>\n<p>         \u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         \\\\operatorname{Cert}&#061;\\\\operatorname{Sign}_{CA\\\\_private}(\\\\text{\u8eab\u4efd},\\\\text{\u516c\u94a5},\\\\text{\u6709\u6548\u671f},\\\\text{\u7528\u9014},\\\\text{\u6269\u5c55}) <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\">Cert<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.2111em;vertical-align: -0.4611em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\">Sign<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2342em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.4559em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">_<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">p<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">r<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.4611em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u8eab\u4efd<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u516c\u94a5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u6709\u6548\u671f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u7528\u9014<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>TBS&#xff08;\u5f85\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff09;\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7be1\u6539&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94 CA \u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc1\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bc1\u4e66\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79c1\u94a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ef\u4fe1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e00\u5b9a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3.2 Subject Alternative Name<\/h4>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u91cd\u70b9\u68c0\u67e5 Subject Alternative Name&#xff08;SAN&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/api.example.com<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\u8bc1\u4e66 SAN \u4e2d\u7684 DNS \u540d\u79f0\u3002\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e5f\u6709\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>*.example.com<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b50\u57df\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u610f\u5339\u914d a.b.example.com\u3002IP \u5730\u5740\u5e94\u6309\u7167 IP \u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5f53\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684 Common Name \u6216 Subject \u6587\u672c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u8fd8\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u57df\u540d\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u5c3e\u968f\u70b9\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3.3 Key Usage \u4e0e Extended Key Usage<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u9650\u5236\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>digitalSignature \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>keyEncipherment \u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u5173&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>keyAgreement \u5141\u8bb8\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>keyCertSign \u8868\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7b7e\u53d1\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>serverAuth \u8868\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e TLS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>clientAuth \u8868\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e TLS \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u5373\u4f7f\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c EKU \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a HTTPS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3.4 \u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u64a4\u9500<\/h4>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         N<\/p>\n<p>         o<\/p>\n<p>         t<\/p>\n<p>         B<\/p>\n<p>         e<\/p>\n<p>         f<\/p>\n<p>         o<\/p>\n<p>         r<\/p>\n<p>         e<\/p>\n<p>         \u2264<\/p>\n<p>         \u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>         \u2264<\/p>\n<p>         N<\/p>\n<p>         o<\/p>\n<p>         t<\/p>\n<p>         A<\/p>\n<p>         f<\/p>\n<p>         t<\/p>\n<p>         e<\/p>\n<p>         r<\/p>\n<p>         NotBefore\\\\le\\\\text{\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4}\\\\le NotAfter <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">o<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">tB<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1076em\">f<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">or<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2264<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8193em;vertical-align: -0.136em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2264<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">o<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1076em\">f<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">er<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u7b7e\u53d1\u8005\u533a\u5206\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u64a4\u9500\u5217\u8868\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u64a4\u9500&#xff1b;\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7b7e\u53d1\u3001\u57df\u540d\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u64a4\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64a4\u9500\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 CRL\u3001OCSP\u3001OCSP Stapling \u6216\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u6709\u673a\u5236\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u67e5\u5230\u64a4\u9500\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u7b80\u5355\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u951a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u6279\u6839 CA \u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>           Verify<\/p>\n<p>           \u2061<\/p>\n<p>           R<\/p>\n<p>           o<\/p>\n<p>           o<\/p>\n<p>           t<\/p>\n<p>           P<\/p>\n<p>           u<\/p>\n<p>           b<\/p>\n<p>           l<\/p>\n<p>           i<\/p>\n<p>           c<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>           Sign<\/p>\n<p>           \u2061<\/p>\n<p>           R<\/p>\n<p>           o<\/p>\n<p>           o<\/p>\n<p>           t<\/p>\n<p>           P<\/p>\n<p>           r<\/p>\n<p>           i<\/p>\n<p>           v<\/p>\n<p>           a<\/p>\n<p>           t<\/p>\n<p>           e<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         T<\/p>\n<p>         B<\/p>\n<p>         S<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         true<\/p>\n<p>         \\\\operatorname{Verify}_{RootPublic}(\\\\operatorname{Sign}_{RootPrivate}(TBS))&#061;\\\\text{true} <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0139em\">Verify<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.242em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.4559em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0077em\">R<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">oo<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">tP<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">u<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">b<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0197em\">l<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2441em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\">Sign<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2342em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.4559em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0077em\">R<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">oo<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">tP<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">r<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2441em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">))<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6151em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">true<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4fe1\u4efb\u6765\u81ea\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u8005\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5382\u5546\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u7528\u6237\u660e\u786e\u628a\u5b83\u52a0\u5165\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4.2 \u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6839 CA<br \/>\n  \u2193 \u7b7e\u53d1<br \/>\n\u4e2d\u95f4 CA<br \/>\n  \u2193 \u7b7e\u53d1<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u8981\u5b8c\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u6839 CA \u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u7684 CA&#061;true \u548c keyCertSign&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u7ea6\u675f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684 SAN\u3001EKU\u3001\u6709\u6548\u671f\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u94fe\u6700\u7ec8\u843d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u951a\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u9a8c\u7b7e\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u6709\u7528\u9014\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4.3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u9001\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u7f6e\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5185\u7f6e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4 CA\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u9001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fd8\u8bb0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u95f4\u94fe&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u62a5\u544a\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4.4 \u4ea4\u53c9\u7b7e\u53d1\u4e0e\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a CA \u5bc6\u94a5\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7b7e\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u94fe\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6392\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6587\u672c\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u786e\u8ba4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u5019\u9009\u7b7e\u53d1\u8005\u662f\u8c01&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u628a\u516c\u94a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u54ea\u4e2a\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4efb\u951a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u6216\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u4fe1\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u94fe&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001HTTPS \u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e ECDHE \u7684\u5206\u5de5<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1a;\u7ed1\u5b9a\u957f\u671f\u8eab\u4efd\u516c\u94a5<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u58f0\u660e&#xff1a;\u67d0\u4e2a CA \u8ba4\u53ef\u67d0\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u516c\u94a5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         I<\/p>\n<p>          D<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         \u27f7<\/p>\n<p>         P<\/p>\n<p>          K<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         ID_S\\\\longleftrightarrow PK_S <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">D<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0278em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u27f7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">P<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0715em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7528\u9014\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5.2 ECDHE&#xff1a;\u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u79d8\u5bc6<\/h4>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>          Q<\/p>\n<p>          C<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         [<\/p>\n<p>          x<\/p>\n<p>          C<\/p>\n<p>         ]<\/p>\n<p>         G<\/p>\n<p>         ,<\/p>\n<p>          Q<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         [<\/p>\n<p>          x<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         ]<\/p>\n<p>         G<\/p>\n<p>         Q_C&#061;[x_C]G,\\\\qquad Q_S&#061;[x_S]G <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">G<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 2em\"><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">G<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         Z<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         [<\/p>\n<p>          x<\/p>\n<p>          C<\/p>\n<p>         ]<\/p>\n<p>          Q<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         [<\/p>\n<p>          x<\/p>\n<p>          S<\/p>\n<p>         ]<\/p>\n<p>          Q<\/p>\n<p>          C<\/p>\n<p>         Z&#061;[x_C]Q_S&#061;[x_S]Q_C <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">Z<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u79d8\u5bc6\u7528\u4e8e\u6d3e\u751f\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8bc1\u4e66\u516c\u94a5&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8eab\u4efd\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5.3 CertificateVerify&#xff1a;\u8bc1\u660e\u79c1\u94a5\u6301\u6709<\/h4>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u957f\u671f\u79c1\u94a5&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u63e1\u624b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         \u03c3<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           Sign<\/p>\n<p>           \u2061<\/p>\n<p>           s<\/p>\n<p>            k<\/p>\n<p>            S<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         context<\/p>\n<p>         \u2225<\/p>\n<p>         H<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         transcript<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         \\\\sigma&#061;\\\\operatorname{Sign}_{sk_S}(\\\\text{context}\\\\|H(\\\\text{transcript})) <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.0944em;vertical-align: -0.3444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\">Sign<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.242em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.4559em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">s<\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0315em\">k<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3448em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.3567em;margin-left: -0.0315em;margin-right: 0.0714em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.5em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1433em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3444em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">context<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u2225<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0813em\">H<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">transcript<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">))<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u4ec5\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u67d0 CA \u7b7e\u53d1\u8fc7\u4e00\u5f20\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u7aef\u786e\u5b9e\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5.4 Finished&#xff1a;\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63e1\u624b<\/h4>\n<p>Finished \u4f7f\u7528\u4ece\u63e1\u624b\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u5b8c\u6574 transcript&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         V<\/p>\n<p>         e<\/p>\n<p>         r<\/p>\n<p>         i<\/p>\n<p>         f<\/p>\n<p>         y<\/p>\n<p>         D<\/p>\n<p>         a<\/p>\n<p>         t<\/p>\n<p>         a<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           MAC<\/p>\n<p>           \u2061<\/p>\n<p>           F<\/p>\n<p>           i<\/p>\n<p>           n<\/p>\n<p>           i<\/p>\n<p>           s<\/p>\n<p>           h<\/p>\n<p>           e<\/p>\n<p>           d<\/p>\n<p>           K<\/p>\n<p>           e<\/p>\n<p>           y<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         H<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         transcript<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         VerifyData&#061;\\\\operatorname{MAC}_{FinishedKey}(H(\\\\text{transcript})) <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\">V<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">er<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1076em\">f<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">y<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">D<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">a<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.0361em;vertical-align: -0.2861em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\">MAC<\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3361em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">F<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ini<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">s<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">h<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">d<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">ey<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2861em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0813em\">H<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">transcript<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">))<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u7248\u672c\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u516c\u94a5\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u76f8\u5173\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;Finished \u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 \u88f8 DH\/ECDH \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe Alice \u60f3\u4e0e Bob \u5efa\u7acb ECDH\u3002Alice \u53d1\u9001 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         Q<\/p>\n<p>         A<\/p>\n<p>       Q_A<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;Bob \u53d1\u9001 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         Q<\/p>\n<p>         B<\/p>\n<p>       Q_B<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff0c;Mallory \u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622a\u5e76\u66ff\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Alice                  Mallory                  Bob<br \/>\n  |&#8212;&#8212; Q_A &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&gt;|                         |<br \/>\n  |&lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Q_M &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-|<br \/>\n  |                      |                         |<br \/>\n  |&lt;&#8212;&#8212; Q_M &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-|                         |<br \/>\n  |                      |&lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Q_B &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alice \u4e0e Mallory \u8ba1\u7b97\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>          K<\/p>\n<p>           A<\/p>\n<p>           M<\/p>\n<p>        K_{AM}<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0715em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">M<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Mallory \u4e0e Bob \u8ba1\u7b97\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>          K<\/p>\n<p>           M<\/p>\n<p>           B<\/p>\n<p>        K_{MB}<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0715em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">M<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mallory \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5bc6 Alice \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u628a\u5bc6\u94a5\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5bc6\u53d1\u7ed9 Bob&#xff1b;Bob \u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53cd\u5411\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>6.2 HTTPS \u5982\u4f55\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n<p>HTTPS \u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u63e1\u624b\u7b7e\u540d\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u63e1\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>Mallory \u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u516c\u94a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Alice \u8981\u6c42 Mallory \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9 example.com \u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Mallory \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u4fe1 CA \u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u6216 SAN \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5373\u4f7f Mallory \u590d\u5236\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u79c1\u94a5&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u63e1\u624b\u7b7e\u540d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c Mallory \u81ea\u5df1\u7b7e\u53d1\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5176\u6839 CA\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7a81\u7834\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u76ee\u6807\u79c1\u94a5\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93&#xff0c;\u6216\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>6.3 \u590d\u5236\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u8eab\u4efd<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u6750\u6599&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u516c\u94a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79c1\u94a5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         Q<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         PublicKey<\/p>\n<p>         \u2061<\/p>\n<p>         (<\/p>\n<p>         d<\/p>\n<p>         )<\/p>\n<p>         Q&#061;\\\\operatorname{PublicKey}(d) <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\"><span class=\"mord mathrm\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0139em\">PublicKey<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">d<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u638c\u63e1 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        d<\/p>\n<p>       d<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u63e1\u624b transcript \u751f\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u6cc4\u9732\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>6.4 \u4f2a\u9020\u57df\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u9a97\u8fc7 CA \u7684\u57df\u540d\u63a7\u5236\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u540d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u9760\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u533a\u5206\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e PKI \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u5b66&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f9d\u8d56&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CA \u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u57df\u540d\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u76d1\u63a7&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u64a4\u9500&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u94a5\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a HTTPS \u4ee3\u7406\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u4f01\u4e1a\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7f51\u3001\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1 TLS \u68c0\u67e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef  \u2190\u2192  \u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7406  \u2190\u2192  \u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6709\u6839 CA \u8bc1\u4e66\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u518d\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u540d\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u7531\u4f01\u4e1a\u6839 CA \u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u6700\u7ec8\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6839 CA&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7406\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u4e24\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb TLS \u4f1a\u8bdd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u628a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u628a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5bc6 HTTP \u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7a81\u7834\u4e86 TLS \u6570\u5b66\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u660e\u786e\u628a\u4ee3\u7406\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u7eb3\u5165\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>7.2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7167\u642c<\/h4>\n<p>\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u82e5\u60f3\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b83\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u5e26\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u5b89\u88c5\u6743\u9650&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4f01\u4e1a\u7b56\u7565&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u4fe1\u4efb&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u793a\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u6076\u610f\u6839 CA \u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>7.3 \u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a&#xff08;pinning&#xff09;\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u989d\u5916\u671f\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u516c\u94a5\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u96c6\u5408&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u7cfb\u7edf CA\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8bef\u7b7e\u53d1\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u8f6e\u6362\u56f0\u96be&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u540e\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u95ee\u9898&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5907\u4efd\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u590d\u6742&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u56fa\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u5f53\u6210\u6240\u6709\u573a\u666f\u7684\u4e07\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848&#xff0c;\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u67e5 HTTPS \u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<h4>8.1 \u5148\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<p>\u6388\u6743\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>openssl s_client <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-connect<\/span> example.test:443 <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><br \/>\n  <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-servername<\/span> example.test <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-showcerts<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u70b9\u67e5\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Subject \u4e0e Issuer&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>SAN&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u94a5\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>KeyUsage\u3001EKU&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>TLS \u7248\u672c\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u53ea\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>8.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u663e\u793a\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u65f6<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u6216\u5c1a\u672a\u751f\u6548&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u95ee\u9898&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u5339\u914d&#xff1a;\u8bbf\u95ee\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u5728 SAN \u5141\u8bb8\u8303\u56f4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1&#xff1a;\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u6839\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u672a\u5b89\u88c5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u64a4\u9500&#xff1a;\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0d\u5e94\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f31\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7406\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f01\u4e1a TLS \u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7406&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u8b66\u544a\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bbf\u95ee\u201d&#xff0c;\u5e94\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>8.3 \u89c2\u5bdf\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u66ff\u6362<\/h4>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u8f83&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u94a5\u6307\u7eb9&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Issuer&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>SAN \u548c\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u6cd5 TLS \u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;Issuer \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8 CA&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6076\u610f\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u964c\u751f\u6839 CA\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u671f\u6216\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b7e\u53d1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>8.4 CTF \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8003\u70b9<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4f2a\u9020\u6839\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u95f4 CA&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9a8c\u8bc1 SAN&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u4efb\u4efb\u610f\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u4f46\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5ffd\u7565\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7406\u66ff\u6362\u8bc1\u4e66\u4f46\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u4ee3\u7406\u6839&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u5f31 RSA \u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>TLS \u7248\u672c\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u964d\u7ea7&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u5e26\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e93\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u9645\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eff\u8272\u9501\u56fe\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h3>\n<h4>9.1 HTTPS \u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf IP \u548c\u57df\u540d<\/h4>\n<p>HTTPS \u4e3b\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5185\u5bb9\u3002IP\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u606f\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u66b4\u9732\u3002\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9690\u79c1\u65b9\u6848\u624d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.2 \u6709\u8bc1\u4e66\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5 SAN\u3001\u94fe\u3001\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u79c1\u94a5\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.3 \u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/h4>\n<p>\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u5171\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f53\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u5185\u7f51\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u5bf9\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u5206\u53d1\u4fe1\u4efb\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u6e20\u9053\u5efa\u7acb&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u7531\u516c\u5171 CA \u7b7e\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.4 \u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728 HTTP \u660e\u6587\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u6076\u610f\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6821\u9a8c\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u5b58\u5728\u964d\u7ea7\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.5 \u8bc1\u4e66\u56fa\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u6240\u6709 PKI<\/h4>\n<p>\u56fa\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u6709\u9002\u7528\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u5bc6\u94a5\u8f6e\u6362\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56fa\u5b9a\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>HTTPS \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e3b\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         URL\/\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>         \u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>         \u63e1\u624b\u7b7e\u540d<\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>         ECDHE<\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>         KDF<\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>         AEAD\u00a0HTTP<\/p>\n<p>         \\\\text{URL\/\u4e3b\u673a\u540d}\\\\rightarrow\\\\text{\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1}\\\\rightarrow\\\\text{\u63e1\u624b\u7b7e\u540d}\\\\rightarrow\\\\text{ECDHE}\\\\rightarrow\\\\text{KDF}\\\\rightarrow\\\\text{AEAD HTTP} <\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">URL\/<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u63e1\u624b\u7b7e\u540d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ECDHE<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" 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