{"id":100751,"date":"2026-09-05T08:17:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100751.html"},"modified":"2026-09-05T08:17:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:17:08","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96-int4-%e4%b8%8e-int8-%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e3%80%81%e6%95%88%e6%9e%9c%e6%9d%83%e8%a1%a1%e5%8f%8a%e8%90%bd%e5%9c%b0%e9%80%82%e9%85%8d%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100751.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u5316 INT4 \u4e0e INT8 \u539f\u7406\u3001\u6548\u679c\u6743\u8861\u53ca\u843d\u5730\u9002\u914d\u573a\u666f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u6a21\u578b, \u91cf\u5316, INT4, INT8, \u63a8\u7406\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<h3>\u524d\u8a00<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260905001705-6a9b5f818377e.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260905001706-6a9b5f8258f1f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260905001707-6a9b5f8325ead.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;\u672c\u5730\u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u4e2a 7B \u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u663e\u5b58\u521a\u597d\u5361\u5728\u8fb9\u7f18&#xff0c;\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u6162\u5f97\u8ba9\u4eba\u6293\u72c2&#xff1f;\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u4e0a\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u4e00\u9ad8&#xff0c;GPU \u76f4\u63a5 OOM&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5199\u7ed9\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u7406\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u51c6\u5907\u672c\u5730\u8dd1\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u4f46\u88ab\u663e\u5b58\u529d\u9000\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u641e\u61c2 INT4 \u548c INT8 \u91cf\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u770b\u5230\u6211\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u5361\u4e0a\u5b9e\u6d4b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u6309\u573a\u666f\u9009\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6e05\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u6709\u4e2a\u505a AI \u5ba2\u670d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u627e\u5230\u6211&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528 FP16 \u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 13B \u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;8 \u5f20 A10 \u663e\u5361&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u4e00\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u5361\u6b7b\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u770b\u76d1\u63a7&#xff0c;\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528 95%&#xff0c;\u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece 200ms \u98d9\u5230 1.5s\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u5927&#xff0c;\u4f46\u786c\u4ef6\u9884\u7b97\u6ca1\u8ddf\u4e0a\u3002\u91cf\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u5e72\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684&#xff1a;\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u4ece FP16 \u538b\u7f29\u5230 INT8 \u751a\u81f3 INT4&#xff0c;\u7528\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6362\u663e\u5b58\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u91cf\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u8111\u9009 INT4 \u5c31\u5b8c\u4e8b\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u6211\u966a\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u6587\u6863\u95ee\u7b54\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u6298\u817e\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e24\u5468&#xff0c;INT4 \u90e8\u7f72\u540e\u56de\u7b54\u8d28\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u9519\u5f97\u79bb\u8c31\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u91cf\u5316\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u91cf\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6574\u6570\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 FP16 \u7684\u6743\u91cd\u8303\u56f4\u662f [-65504, 65504]&#xff0c;INT8 \u53ea\u6709 [-128, 127]&#xff0c;INT4 \u66f4\u72e0&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709 [-8, 7]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6620\u5c04\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e24\u6b65&#xff1a;\u5148\u7b97 scale&#xff08;\u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50&#xff09;\u548c zero-point&#xff08;\u96f6\u70b9&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u505a\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u610f<\/span><br \/>\nscale <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>max_val <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> min_val<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>qmax <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> qmin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nzero_point <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> qmin <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> min_val <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> scale<br \/>\nquantized <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">round<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>weight <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> scale<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> zero_point<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>INT8 \u91cf\u5316&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u635f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u663e\u5b58\u53ea\u51cf\u534a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>INT4 \u91cf\u5316&#xff1a;\u663e\u5b58\u51cf\u5230 1\/4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u660e\u663e&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;7B \u4ee5\u4e0b&#xff09;\u548c\u654f\u611f\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u4ee3\u7801&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u6846\u67b6\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f GPTQ\u3001AWQ \u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u9010\u5f20\u91cf\u91cf\u5316&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u6309\u5217\u6216\u6309\u7ec4\u505a&#xff0c;\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u91cd\u8981\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5b9e\u64cd&#xff1a;\u6211\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u5361\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7&#xff0c;\u6211\u62ff LLaMA-2-7B \u505a\u4e86\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u662f\u5355\u5f20 RTX 3090&#xff08;24GB&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6846\u67b6\u7528 vLLM &#043; GPTQ \u91cf\u5316\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>FP16<\/td>\n<td>13.5GB<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 15GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>INT8<\/td>\n<td>7.0GB<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 8.5GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>INT4<\/td>\n<td>4.0GB<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 5.2GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u6ca1&#xff0c;INT4 \u76f4\u63a5\u628a 7B \u6a21\u578b\u538b\u5230\u4e86 5GB \u5de6\u53f3&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u663e\u5361&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 8GB \u663e\u5b58\u7684 RTX 3070&#xff09;\u4e0a\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6&#xff08;token\/s&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u541e\u5410&#xff08;\u5e76\u53d1 8&#xff09;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>FP16<\/td>\n<td>35ms\/token<\/td>\n<td>120 token\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>INT8<\/td>\n<td>30ms\/token<\/td>\n<td>150 token\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>INT4<\/td>\n<td>28ms\/token<\/td>\n<td>180 token\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>INT4 \u5728\u541e\u5410\u4e0a\u4f18\u52bf\u660e\u663e&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u585e\u66f4\u591a batch\u3002\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f&#xff0c;\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u63d0\u5347\u4e0d\u5927&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5e76\u53d1\u541e\u5410\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8f93\u51fa\u8d28\u91cf&#xff08;\u7528\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u5728 WikiText-2 \u4e0a\u6d4b\u4e86\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6&#xff08;\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u597d&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FP16: 5.12<\/li>\n<li>INT8: 5.18<\/li>\n<li>INT4: 5.67<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>INT4 \u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\u6da8\u4e86 10% \u5de6\u53f3&#xff0c;\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u591a&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6210\u65f6&#xff0c;\u957f\u6587\u672c\u548c\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8e29\u5751&#xff1a;INT4 \u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u8e29\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5751\u662f&#xff1a;\u7528 INT4 \u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u7387\u4ece 80% \u6389\u5230\u4e86 60%\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u5f53\u573a\u5c31\u70b8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u7ecf\u9a8c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u522b\u7528 INT4\u30027B \u4ee5\u4e0b\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650&#xff0c;\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u635f\u5931\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u300213B \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7528 INT4 \u624d\u52c9\u5f3a\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u4efb\u52a1\u7528 INT8\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u3001\u533b\u7597\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd9\u4e9b&#xff0c;INT4 \u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u8bc4\u6d4b\u3002\u522b\u53ea\u770b\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u8981\u62ff\u771f\u5b9e\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f93\u51fa\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916&#xff0c;INT4 \u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u6709\u4e9b\u7b97\u5b50\u4f18\u5316\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5728\u65e7\u663e\u5361\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u6162\u3002\u6211\u540c\u4e8b\u5728 V100 \u4e0a\u6d4b\u8fc7&#xff0c;INT4 \u6bd4 INT8 \u8fd8\u6162 20%&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 INT4 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