{"id":100729,"date":"2026-09-05T06:41:01","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100729.html"},"modified":"2026-09-05T06:41:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:41:01","slug":"c%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e-throw%e3%80%81try-catch-%e5%88%b0%e6%a0%88%e5%b1%95%e5%bc%80%e3%80%81raii-%e4%b8%8e-noexcept","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100729.html","title":{"rendered":"C++\u5f02\u5e38\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece throw\u3001try\/catch \u5230\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u3001RAII \u4e0e noexcept"},"content":{"rendered":"

C++\u5f02\u5e38\u8be6\u89e3：\u4ece throw\u3001try\/catch \u5230\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u3001RAII \u4e0e noexcept<\/h2>\n

\"\u5934\u50cf\"<\/p>\n

🔥 \u661f\u6052\u968f\u98ce：<\/b><\/font>
\n \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\u2744\ufe0f \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f：<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300a\u6307\u9488\u5408\u96c6\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300aC\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300a\u524d\u7aef\u57fa\u7840\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300apython\u57fa\u7840\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300aC++\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u5165\u571f\u300b<\/b><\/font>
\n ｜<\/b><\/font>
\n \u300aLinux\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u65c5\u300b<\/b><\/font> <\/p>\n

\u2728 \u6570\u636e\u5373\u77e5\u8bc6，\u538b\u7f29\u5373\u667a\u80fd<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519\u4ee5\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5e95\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e？<\/h3>\n

1. \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6570\u4e3a 0
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25
\n\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25
\n\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c
\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25
\n\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25
\n\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f：<\/p>\n

if<\/span> (<\/span>error)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n return<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u5224\u65ad：<\/p>\n

int<\/span> ret =<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

if<\/span> (<\/span>ret ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u9519\u8bef\u7801
\nError Code<\/p>\n

C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1：<\/p>\n

main
\n \u2193
\nHttpServer
\n \u2193
\nCacheManager
\n \u2193
\nSqlManager
\n \u2193
\nDatabase<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef，\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u8981：<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c
\n\u2193
\n\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef
\n\u2193
\n\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/p>\n

\u5927\u91cf\u6b63\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u6253\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

C++ \u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u9519\u8bef\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38
\nException<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5230\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898？<\/h3>\n

1. \u5c06\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5206\u5f00<\/h4>\n

\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u73b0：<\/p>\n

SQL \u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u6e05\u695a：<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053：<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u5426：<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42
\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7
\n\u901a\u77e5\u7528\u6237
\n\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5
\n\u7ec8\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5f02\u5e38\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u5e95\u5c42
\n\u2193
\n\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898
\n\u2193
\nthrow<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42
\n\u2193
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5c42
\n\u2193
\ncatch
\n\u2193
\n\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u673a\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3：<\/p>\n

\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u89e3\u8026\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001C++\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h3>\n

1. throw：\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u9664\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

double<\/span> Divide<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> a,<\/span> int<\/span> b)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>b ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> "division by zero"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> static_cast<\/span><<\/span>double<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span> \/<\/span> b;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53：<\/p>\n

b ==<\/span> 0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65f6\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> "division by zero"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u610f\u5473\u7740：<\/p>\n

\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u5e38
\n\u2193
\n\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u505c\u6b62
\n\u2193
\n\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u5f02\u5e38\u7684 catch<\/p>\n

\n

2. try：\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> Divide<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

try \u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\n

3. catch：\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> Divide<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> msg)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> msg <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6574\u7ed3\u6784：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>Type1 e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ Type1 \u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>Type2 e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ Type2 \u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210：<\/p>\n

try
\n \u2193
\n\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801
\n \u2193
\n\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38？
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u5426 \u2192 \u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed
\n \u2502
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u662f
\n \u2193
\n \u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d catch
\n \u2193
\n \u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001throw \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/h3>\n

1. throw \u540e\u9762\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> "before"<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

cout <<<\/span> "after"<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n

Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f02\u5e38\u88ab\u5916\u5c42\u6355\u83b7：<\/p>\n

before<\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f：<\/p>\n

after<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2. throw \u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n

C++ \u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> string<\/span>(<\/span>"error"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u751a\u81f3：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> MyException<\/span>(<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u643a\u5e26：<\/p>\n

\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7
\n\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0
\n\u6a21\u5757\u4fe1\u606f
\nSQL\u8bed\u53e5
\nHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n

return -1
\nreturn -2
\nreturn -3<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n

1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u201cthrow \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u201d？<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n string msg =<\/span> "error"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span> msg;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u9000\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e：<\/p>\n

msg<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5f02\u5e38\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61
\nException Object<\/p>\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 msg
\n \u2193
\n\u6784\u9020\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61
\n \u2193
\n\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9500\u6bc1
\n \u2193
\n\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u5e38\u5199\u6cd5\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u6309\u503c\u629b\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> MyException<\/span>(<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001catch \u5230\u5e95\u600e\u4e48\u5339\u914d\u5f02\u5e38？<\/h3>\n

1. \u901a\u5e38\u6309\u7167\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> "int exception"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>double<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> "double exception"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f：<\/p>\n

int<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5339\u914d：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

2. \u591a\u4e2a catch \u65f6\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> SqlException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> Exception&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n

SqlException<\/p>\n

\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u5339\u914d：<\/p>\n

SqlException&<\/p>\n

\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u591f\u5339\u914d：<\/p>\n

Exception&<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u524d\u9762\u7684：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> SqlException&<\/span> e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u5148\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u524d\u9762，\u57fa\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38\u653e\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u5e38\u4f53\u7cfb\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f？<\/h3>\n

1. \u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

HTTP \u6a21\u5757
\nCache \u6a21\u5757
\nSQL \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb：<\/p>\n

Exception
\n \/ | \\\\
\n \/ | \\\\
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n HttpException CacheException SqlException<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757：<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u591f\u643a\u5e26\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u4e00\u6355\u83b7 Exception<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e03\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n

\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7ee7\u627f：<\/p>\n

std::<\/span>exception<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <exception><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> AppException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> std::<\/span>exception<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n AppException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> _message<\/span>(<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>move<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _id<\/span>(<\/span>id)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _message.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> id<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _id;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string _message;<\/span>
\n int<\/span> _id;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd4\u56de：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\n

\u516b\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n

1. SQL\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

class<\/span> SqlException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> AppException<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n SqlException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> sql)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> AppException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n message,<\/span>
\n id)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _sql<\/span>(<\/span>sql)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _detail<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "SqlException: "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> message
\n +<\/span> " -> "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> sql)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _detail.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string _sql;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string _detail;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

2. HTTP\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

class<\/span> HttpException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> AppException<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n HttpException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> method)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> AppException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n message,<\/span>
\n id)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _method<\/span>(<\/span>method)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _detail<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "HttpException["<\/span>
\n +<\/span> method
\n +<\/span> "]: "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> message)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _detail.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string _method;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string _detail;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u8350 catch(const Exception& e)？<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>AppException e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u907f\u514d\u989d\u5916\u590d\u5236<\/h4>\n

\u5f15\u7528：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\n

2. \u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247<\/h4>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u629b\u51fa：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> SqlException<\/span>(<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>AppException e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6309\u503c\u63a5\u6536\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61：<\/p>\n

SqlException
\n \u2193
\n\u590d\u5236\u6210 AppException
\n \u2193
\n\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u4e22\u5931<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247
\nObject Slicing<\/p>\n

\u800c：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u7559\u5b9e\u9645\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f：<\/p>\n

e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528：<\/p>\n

SqlException::what()<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <exception><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span>
\nusing<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> AppException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> exception<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n AppException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n string message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> _message<\/span>(<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>move<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _id<\/span>(<\/span>id)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _message.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> id<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _id;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

protected<\/span>:<\/span>
\n string _message;<\/span>
\n int<\/span> _id;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> SqlException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> AppException<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n SqlException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n const<\/span> string&<\/span> message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> string&<\/span> sql)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> AppException<\/span>(<\/span>message,<\/span> id)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _detail<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "SQL: "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> message
\n +<\/span> " -> "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> sql)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _detail.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n string _detail;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> HttpException<\/span>
\n :<\/span> public<\/span> AppException<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n HttpException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n const<\/span> string&<\/span> message,<\/span>
\n int<\/span> id,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> string&<\/span> method)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> AppException<\/span>(<\/span>message,<\/span> id)<\/span>
\n ,<\/span> _detail<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "HTTP["<\/span>
\n +<\/span> method
\n +<\/span> "]: "<\/span>
\n +<\/span> message)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n const<\/span> noexcept<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _detail.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n string _detail;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> SQLManager<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> SqlException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "permission denied"<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 1001<\/span>,<\/span>
\n "select * from user"<\/span>
\n )<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> CacheManager<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n SQLManager<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> HttpServer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n CacheManager<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u5916\u5c42：<\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n try<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n HttpServer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> "id: "<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> e.<\/span>id<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span><\/p>\n

cout
\n <<<\/span> e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u629b\u51fa：<\/p>\n

SqlException<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u6355\u83b7\u6574\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6808\u5c55\u5f00？<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u662f C++ \u5f02\u5e38\u673a\u5236\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u8c03\u7528\u5173\u7cfb：<\/p>\n

main()
\n \u2193
\nFunc1()
\n \u2193
\nFunc2()
\n \u2193
\nFunc3()<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e：<\/p>\n

Func3<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> Exception<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbf\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u5411\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u5904\u7406\u5668：<\/p>\n

Func3
\n \u2193
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d catch
\n \u2193
\n\u9000\u51fa Func3<\/p>\n

Func2
\n \u2193
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d catch
\n \u2193
\n\u9000\u51fa Func2<\/p>\n

Func1
\n \u2193
\n\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d catch
\n \u2193
\n\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

\u6808\u5c55\u5f00
\nStack Unwinding<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u201c\u627e catch\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u79bb\u5f00\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6，\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> Test<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n Test<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span>*<\/span> name)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> _name<\/span>(<\/span>name)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> "construct "<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> _name
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

~<\/span>Test<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> "destroy "<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> _name
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n string _name;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n Test t1<\/span>(<\/span>"t1"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n Test t2<\/span>(<\/span>"t2"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span> runtime_error<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "error"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f：<\/p>\n

Func \u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u672b\u5c3e<\/p>\n

\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6：<\/p>\n

t2 \u6790\u6784
\n\u2193
\nt1 \u6790\u6784<\/p>\n

\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f：<\/p>\n

RAII<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5b8c\u7f8e\u914d\u5408\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 catch \u5462？<\/h3>\n

\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> runtime_error<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "error"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u6355\u83b7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\u5f02\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d handler
\n\u2193
\nstd::terminate()
\n\u2193
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9876\u5c42，\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n RunApplication<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>exception&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6700\u540e\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u5f02\u5e38\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f：<\/p>\n

catch(…) \u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u5957\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42 catch(…)\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u56db\u3001catch(\u2026) \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/h3>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a：<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> "unknown exception"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728：<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u5177\u4f53 catch \u540e\u9762<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>exception&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa<\/h3>\n

\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u67d0\u4e00\u5c42：<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1. \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：\u91cd\u8bd5<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> SendMessage<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n try<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n Send<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> HttpException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>e.<\/span>id<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 1001<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8bd5<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n else<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n throw<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a：<\/p>\n

\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u5916\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u516d\u3001throw; \u548c throw e; \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b？<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u8865\u5145\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

throw; \u4f1a：<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u7559：<\/p>\n

\u771f\u5b9e\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\n

1. \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u6837\u5199<\/h4>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> e;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n

throw \u4e00\u4e2a AppException \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4：<\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u4e22\u5931
\n\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u624d\u662f\u6700\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6700\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u4e00：\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h3>\n

\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr =<\/span>
\n new<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>100<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

DoSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

delete<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> ptr;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n

DoSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

new[]
\n \u2193
\nDoSomething
\n \u2193
\nthrow
\n \u2193
\n\u76f4\u63a5\u79bb\u5f00 Func<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f：<\/p>\n

delete<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> ptr;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8：<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u516b\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：catch \u540e\u6e05\u7406\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa<\/h3>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr =<\/span>
\n new<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>100<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n DoSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n catch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n delete<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> ptr;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

delete<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> ptr;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u6742
\n\u5bb9\u6613\u6f0f\u6389
\n\u8d44\u6e90\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u96be\u7ef4\u62a4<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

RAII<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e5d\u3001RAII \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168？<\/h3>\n

RAII：<\/p>\n

Resource Acquisition
\nIs Initialization<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f
\n\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u8981：<\/p>\n

int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr =<\/span>
\n new<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>100<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

vector<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span> data<\/span>(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

auto<\/span> ptr =<\/span>
\n make_unique<\/span><<\/span>int<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f：<\/p>\n

DoSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u629b\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f
\n \u2193
\n\u6808\u5c55\u5f00
\n \u2193
\nvector \/ unique_ptr \u6790\u6784
\n \u2193
\n\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span>
\ndelete<\/span>
\nthrow<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u4e2d\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00：<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4f18\u5148\u4ea4\u7ed9 RAII \u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u5de5 new\/delete + try\/catch\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u3001RAII \u4e0d\u53ea\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/h3>\n

\u9664\u4e86：<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

RAII \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u9501
\nsocket
\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5
\n\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u53e5\u67c4<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

lock_guard<<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock<\/span>(<\/span>mtx)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u540e\u9762\u629b\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

\u6808\u5c55\u5f00
\n\u2193
\nlock \u6790\u6784
\n\u2193
\n\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501<\/p>\n

\u5426\u5219\u624b\u5de5：<\/p>\n

mtx.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ throw<\/span><\/p>\n

mtx.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4：<\/p>\n

\u9501\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d？<\/h3>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u800c\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1. \u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

No-throw Guarantee<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u5f88\u591a：<\/p>\n

\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570
\nswap
\n\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2. \u5f3a\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

Strong Guarantee<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f
\n\u2193
\n\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

\u5931\u8d25
\n\u2193
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u52a1：<\/p>\n

commit \/ rollback<\/p>\n

\n

3. \u57fa\u672c\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

Basic Guarantee<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4ee5\u540e：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u503c：<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n

\n

4. \u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f：<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u6cc4\u6f0f
\n\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u574f
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b<\/p>\n

\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u3001Copy-and-Swap \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168？<\/h3>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> String<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n String&<\/span>
\n operator<\/span>=<\/span>(<\/span>
\n const<\/span> String&<\/span> other)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n String tmp<\/span>(<\/span>other)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

swap<\/span>(<\/span>tmp)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> *<\/span>this<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148：<\/p>\n

\u6784\u9020 tmp<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u5931\u8d25：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f
\n\u2193
\n\u539f\u6765\u7684 this \u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u590d\u5236\u6210\u529f\u4ee5\u540e：<\/p>\n

swap<\/p>\n

\u624d\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5929\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684：<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n

\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u9003\u51fa\u53bb？<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38 A \u6b63\u5728\u6808\u5c55\u5f00<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f00\u59cb\u6790\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u53c8\u629b\u51fa：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38 B<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u540c\u65f6\u9762\u5bf9：<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5：<\/p>\n

std::terminate()<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> Resource<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n ~<\/span>Resource<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n try<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n Close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n catch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5185\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55\/\u5904\u7406<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4e0d\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u9003\u9038<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219：<\/p>\n

\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f noexcept？<\/h3>\n

C++11 \u5f15\u5165：<\/p>\n

noexcept<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u58f0\u660e：<\/p>\n

Func \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5f02\u5e38\u9003\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

noexcept<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4fdd\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709 throw<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> runtime_error<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "error"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u771f\u7684\u9003\u51fa：<\/p>\n

noexcept \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528：<\/p>\n

std::<\/span>terminate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u3001noexcept \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e try\/catch<\/h3>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u800c\u662f\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5951\u7ea6：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u64ad\u51fa\u53bb<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n RiskyFunction<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n

RiskyFunction \u771f\u629b\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5728 Func() \u5185\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

terminate<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u3001noexcept(expression)<\/h3>\n

noexcept \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26：<\/p>\n

noexcept<\/span>(<\/span>expression)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

cout
\n <<<\/span> noexcept<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span> +<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa：<\/p>\n

true<\/p>\n

\u5426\u5219：<\/p>\n

false<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

bool<\/span> ret =<\/span>
\n noexcept<\/span>(<\/span>++<\/span>i)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u540e：<\/p>\n

i<\/p>\n

\u4ecd\u7136\u662f：<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u7ecf\u5e38\u5199 noexcept？<\/h3>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

String<\/span>(<\/span>
\n String&&<\/span> other
\n)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n

vector<<\/span>T><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6269\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

\u65e7\u7a7a\u95f4
\n\u2193
\n\u628a\u5df2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u642c\u5230\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u65e7\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n

vector \u5f88\u96be\u7ef4\u6301\u5f3a\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u4f1a\u66f4\u613f\u610f：<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u5f02\u5e38，\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u8be5：<\/p>\n

T<\/span>(<\/span>T&&<\/span>)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u3001C++98 \u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5f02\u5e38\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n throw<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span>,<\/span> double<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a：<\/p>\n

\u58f0\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa int \u548c double<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709：<\/p>\n

void<\/span> Func<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n throw<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u629b\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u5f02\u5e38\u89c4\u8303\u540e\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u66f4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

noexcept<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u975e\u629b\u51fa\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5f02\u5e38\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n

C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

std::<\/span>exception<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

std::exception
\n |
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193
\n std::logic_error std::runtime_error
\n | |
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193 \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\ninvalid length out_of_range range overflow underflow
\nargument error error error error<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709：<\/p>\n

std::bad_alloc
\nstd::bad_cast
\nstd::bad_typeid
\nstd::bad_function_call
\nstd::system_error
\n…<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u3001logic_error \u4e0e runtime_error \u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3？<\/h3>\n

1. logic_error<\/h4>\n

\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1：<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

invalid_argument
\nlength_error
\nout_of_range<\/p>\n

\n

2. runtime_error<\/h4>\n

\u66f4\u504f\u5411：<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

range_error
\noverflow_error
\nunderflow_error<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> runtime_error<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "database connection failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u3001std::out_of_range \u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

vector<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span> v
\n{<\/span>
\n 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

cout <<<\/span> v.<\/span>at<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

at() \u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8303\u56f4\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout <<<\/span> v.<\/span>at<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> out_of_range&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c：<\/p>\n

v[<\/span>10<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d8a\u754c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u67e5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u3001std::bad_alloc<\/h3>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n int<\/span>*<\/span> ptr =<\/span>
\n new<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>
\n static_cast<\/span><<\/span>size_t><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>
\n –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> bad_alloc&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cout
\n <<<\/span> e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u666e\u901a：<\/p>\n

new<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa：<\/p>\n

std::bad_alloc<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9876\u5c42\u7ecf\u5e38\u6355\u83b7 std::exception？<\/h3>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f std::exception<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n Run<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>exception&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n cerr
\n <<<\/span> e.<\/span>what<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u5f88\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91c7\u7528：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n Run<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> AppException&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u9879\u76ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>exception&<\/span> e)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u672a\u77e5\u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350 throw int \/ string \/ const char*？<\/h3>\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span> "error"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span> string<\/span>(<\/span>"error"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u6309\u7167\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n

\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49：<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> invalid_argument<\/span>(<\/span>
\n "age cannot be negative"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

throw<\/span> SqlException<\/span>(<\/span>
\n .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u672c\u8eab<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u8868\u8fbe：<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6b63\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u6d41<\/h3>\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u5199：<\/p>\n

try<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n throw<\/span> i;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\ncatch<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> index)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n return<\/span> index;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6765\u8868\u8fbe：<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5e38\u67e5\u627e\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u9002\u5408：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5 \/ \u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

\u800c\u666e\u901a\u903b\u8f91\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed：<\/p>\n

if
\nreturn
\n\u5faa\u73af
\n\u72b6\u6001\u503c<\/p>\n

\u5426\u5219\u4f1a：<\/p>\n

\u964d\u4f4e\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027
\n\u8ba9\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u903b\u8f91\u6df7\u4e71
\n\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u8c01\u66f4\u597d？<\/h3>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u9519\u8bef\u7801\u9002\u5408<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u9ad8\u9891\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u4e14\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728
\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25
\n\u975e\u5f02\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u652f<\/p>\n

\n

2. \u5f02\u5e38\u9002\u5408<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u8d23<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u94fe，\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u4ea4\u7ed9\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c24\u5176\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355：<\/p>\n

return<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u5e95\u5c42\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef
\n \u2193
\n\u629b\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61
\n \u2193
\n\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406
\n \u2193
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u4e71 catch
\n \u2193
\n\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u64ad
\n \u2193
\n\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5904\u7406
\n \u2193
\n\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570
\n\u2193
\ntry
\n\u2193
\ncatch(…)
\n\u2193
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a<\/p>\n

\u540e\u8005\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef<\/h3>\n

1. \u6309\u503c\u629b\u51fa<\/h4>\n

throw<\/span> MyException<\/span>(<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

2. \u6309 const \u5f15\u7528\u6355\u83b7<\/h4>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>
\n const<\/span> MyException&<\/span> e)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

3. \u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528 throw;<\/h4>\n

catch<\/span> (<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u5904\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n

throw<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

4. \u4f7f\u7528 RAII \u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/h4>\n

\u4f18\u5148：<\/p>\n

vector<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span>
\nunique_ptr<<\/span>T><\/span>
\nlock_guard<<\/span>mutex><\/span>
\nfstream<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u624b\u5de5\u7533\u8bf7
\n+
\ntry\/catch
\n+
\n\u624b\u5de5\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

\n

5. \u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u610f\u8ba9\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u629b\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u8981：<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u518d\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u9003\u51fa\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\n

6. \u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528 noexcept<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

MyClass<\/span>(<\/span>
\n MyClass&&<\/span>
\n)<\/span> noexcept<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5206\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u52a0 noexcept<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdd\u53cd：<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5 terminate<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u603b\u56fe<\/h3>\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u538b\u7f29\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c
\n |
\n v
\n\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef
\n |
\n v
\n throw Exception
\n |
\n v
\n\u6784\u9020\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61
\n |
\n v
\n\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d try
\n |
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d catch
\n | |
\n | v
\n | \u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406
\n |
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u6ca1\u627e\u5230
\n |
\n v
\n \u6808\u5c55\u5f00
\n |
\n \u6790\u6784\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61
\n |
\n v
\n \u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u51fd\u6570
\n |
\n v
\n \u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u627e catch
\n |
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193
\n \u627e\u5230 \u6ca1\u627e\u5230
\n | |
\n \u2193 \u2193
\n \u5904\u7406 std::terminate<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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