{"id":100668,"date":"2026-09-05T03:16:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T19:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100668.html"},"modified":"2026-09-05T03:16:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T19:16:57","slug":"%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0%e7%ac%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100668.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00.linux \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/h2>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3001inode \u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868（fd_array []） \u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b PCB（task_struct）\u79c1\u6709，fd \u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807（0\/1\/2 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef）<\/li>\n
  • \u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8868（struct file \/file_struct） \u5168\u5c40\u5185\u6838\u5171\u4eab，\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bfb\u5199\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u6807\u5fd7\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/li>\n
  • inode \u8868（inode） \u4ee3\u8868\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u771f\u5b9e\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u5728inode,\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n

    1. \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa<\/h3>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6743\u9650\u7684，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <sys\/stat.h>
    \n#include <fcntl.h><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u5df2\u6709\u6587\u4ef6
    \nint open(const char *pathname, int flags);
    \n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa+\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6（\u5e26\u6743\u9650mode）
    \nint open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f，\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

    2. \u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u95ed<\/h3>\n

    \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u9700\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <unistd.h>
    \nint close(int fd);<\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165<\/h3>\n

    \u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <unistd.h>
    \nssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);<\/p>\n

    4. \u6587\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u5199\u5165<\/h3>\n

    4.1 \u6e05\u7a7a\u5199\u5165<\/p>\n

    \u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6e05\u7a7a\u7684，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u6e05\u7a7a，\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8986\u76d6\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740，\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6620\u5c04 O_TRUNC \u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u518d\u6b21\u6253\u5f00，O_TRUNC \u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e4b\u524d\u6587\u5b57，\u91cd\u65b0\u5199
    \nint fd2 = open("test.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
    \nchar buf2[] = "\u8986\u76d6\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\\\\n";
    \nwrite(fd2, buf2, strlen(buf2));
    \nclose(fd2);
    \nreturn 0;<\/p>\n

    4.2 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6620\u5c04 O_APPEND \u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u518d\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u8ffd\u52a0
    \nint fd2 = open("log.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0666);
    \nwrite(fd2, "\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\\\\n", strlen("\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\\\\n"));
    \nclose(fd2);
    \nreturn 0;<\/p>\n

    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5199\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u5c06\u6574\u6570\u5199\u5165\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e71\u7801，\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

    5. \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/h3>\n

    #include <unistd.h>
    \nssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);<\/p>\n

    fd \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

    6. \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u6d41<\/h3>\n

    FILE* \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u91cc\u9762\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd，\u4f8b\u5982 stdin\u3001stdout\u3001stderr \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f 0\u30011\u30012\u3002<\/p>\n

    7. \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n

    \u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

    8. \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n

    \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u5206\u914d\u89c4\u5219：\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684 fd \u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

    int dup2(int oldfd, int newfd);<\/p>\n

    \u4f5c\u7528：\u8ba9 newfd \u6307\u5411 oldfd \u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

  • fd 0 \u2014 stdin \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u952e\u76d8<\/li>\n
  • fd 1 \u2014 stdout \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55<\/li>\n
  • fd 2 \u2014 stderr \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55<\/li>\n
  • fd 3 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3001socket，\u4f18\u5148\u5206\u914d\u6700\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f2 fd，0\/1\/2 \u88ab\u5360\u7528，\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u62ff\u5230 3\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4f8b\u5b50:<\/p>\n

    int dup2(3, 1);<\/p>\n

    \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884cclose(oldfd)<\/p>\n

    \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6e05\u7a7a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411,\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411,\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f7f\u7528O_TRUNC,O_APPEND\u9009\u9879.<\/p>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5c31\u662f:\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f(\u8ffd\u52a0,\u53ea\u8bfb\u7b49)+dup2(\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u5230\u54ea\u91cc,\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • > \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u8986\u76d6）<\/li>\n
    • >> \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u8ffd\u52a0）<\/li>\n
    • < \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

      \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6log.txt\u65f6,1\u548c2\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u5668<\/p>\n

      .\/out.cc > log.txt \/\/\u5176\u4e2d\u76841\u4f1a\u7701\u7565,\u5373\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa
      \n.\/out.cc 1 > log.txt \/\/\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6erro\u65f6,\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5230\u663e\u793a\u5668\u4e0a\u9762
      \n.\/out.cc 1 > log.normal 2>log.erro<\/p>\n

      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef:\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u80fd\u529b,\u628a\u5e38\u89c4\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb.<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5f00<\/p>\n

      .\/out 1>log.txt 2>>log.txt \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411
      \n.\/out 1>log.txt 2>&1 \/\/\u8ba92（\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef）\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236 1 \u53f7\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

      9.\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/h3>\n

      \u57fa\u7840\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n

      \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：\u5185\u6838\u7ed9\u300c\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u9879\u300d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57，\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u4e8c.\u7406\u89e3"\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6"<\/h2>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u62ff\u5230\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7struct file\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488(\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5,\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49)\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6(\u952e\u76d8,\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49),\u5c31\u662fc\u7248\u672c\u7684\u591a\u6001<\/p>\n

      1.\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n

      \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u9012\u7ad9,\u5728\u4f60\u5fd9\u788c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u5305\u88f9\u6682\u5b58,\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u505c\u4e0b\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c. \u63d0\u9ad8\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u6548\u7387.<\/p>\n

      \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a:\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

      \u5728c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7f13\u51b2\u533a,\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570(printf,fprintf.fput,fwrite)\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a,\u5f53\u7528\u6237(\u5f3a\u5236\u5237\u65b0,\u5237\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3,\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa)\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7(fd+\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528write\u7b49)\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a,fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6,\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7fd\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u518d\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u786c\u4ef6<\/p>\n

      \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a,FILE\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53,\u91cc\u9762\u6709fd\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n

      2.\u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f:<\/h3>\n

      1.\u7acb\u5373\u5237\u65b0—\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2—\u5199\u900f\u6a21\u5f0fWT<\/p>\n

      2.\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u4e86—\u5168\u7f13\u51b2—\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6700\u6ee1,\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8!(\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

      3.\u884c\u5237\u65b0—\u884c\u7f13\u51b2(\u663e\u793a\u5668)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u6709\u6210\u672c\u7684,\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8bed\u8a00\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9OS,\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6!\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf,\u4ea4\u7ed9\u786c\u4ef6—\u672c\u8d28\u5168\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d!\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u8d28:\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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