{"id":100656,"date":"2026-09-05T01:40:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T17:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100656.html"},"modified":"2026-09-05T01:40:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T17:40:55","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3-c11-decltype%ef%bc%9a%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%8e%a8%e5%af%bc%e7%9a%84%e5%88%a9%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8e%e9%99%b7%e9%98%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100656.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 C++11 decltype\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u5229\u5668\u4e0e\u9677\u9631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u5f15\u8a00&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f decltype&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043;11 \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u4e2d&#xff0c;decltype\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4e\u8c03\u5374\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u00a0&#034;declared type&#034;&#xff08;\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e2e\u4f60\u67e5\u8be2\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f) \u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u540d;<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int num &#061; 1;<br \/>\ndecltype(num) value &#061; 2;  \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa num \u662f int&#xff0c;\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e int value &#061; 20;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u00a0auto\u00a0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4f46\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u00a0auto\u00a0\u6709\u7740\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5230\u8fdb\u9636&#xff0c;\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001decltype \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5408\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int num &#061; 1;<br \/>\ndouble price &#061; 0.1;<br \/>\nstd::string name &#061; &#034;a&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(num)   a &#061; 2;    \/\/ int<br \/>\ndecltype(price) b &#061; 0.2;  \/\/ double<br \/>\ndecltype(name)  c &#061; &#034;b&#034;; \/\/ std::string<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u4f46\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5a01\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u624b\u52a8\u53bb\u4e66\u5199\u5197\u957f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001decltype \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u53ea\u505a\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u6790&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>int getValue() {<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\\\\n&#034;;<br \/>\n    return 1000;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int main() {<br \/>\n    decltype(getValue()) num &#061; 10;  \/\/ getValue() \u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528&#xff01;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u00a0decltype(getValue())\u00a0\u53ea\u662f\u5206\u6790\u00a0getValue()\u00a0\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u00a0int&#xff0c;\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u00a0int num &#061; 10;\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u00a0cout\u00a0\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6c42\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001decltype \u4e0e auto \u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc&#xff0c;\u4f46\u89c4\u5219\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7279\u6027autodecltype<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u5bfc\u4f9d\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f15\u7528\/const \u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u9876\u5c42 const<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const int num &#061; 1;<br \/>\nconst int&amp; ref &#061; num;<\/p>\n<p>auto a &#061; ref;           \/\/ a \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f int&#xff08;\u53bb\u6389\u4e86 const \u548c\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;<br \/>\ndecltype(ref) b &#061; num;  \/\/ b \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f const int&amp;&#xff08;\u5b8c\u6574\u4fdd\u7559&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>auto\u00a0\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&#034;\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d&#034;\u673a\u5668&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5265\u79bb\u5f15\u7528\u548c const&#xff0c;\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&#034;\u7c7b\u578b\u955c\u5b50&#034;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5168\u8c8c&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u7528\u548c const \u4fee\u9970\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001decltype \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c&#xff1a;\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc<\/h3>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u6700\u95ea\u5149\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f53\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u95ee\u9898\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int&amp; getFirst(std::vector&lt;int&gt;&amp; container) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u00a0std::vector&lt;int&gt;&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u00a0std::vector&lt;double&gt;\u3001std::list&lt;int&gt;\u3001std::string\u00a0\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u89e3\u51b3&#xff08;\u9519\u8bef\u5199\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>template &lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\ndecltype(container.front()) getFirst(Container&amp; container) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25&#xff01;\u00a0\u539f\u56e0\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0decltype(container.front())\u00a0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0Container&amp; container&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6b64\u65f6\u00a0container\u00a0\u8fd8\u672a\u58f0\u660e&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u00a0container\u00a0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;\u5c3e\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;Trailing Return Type&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86&#034;\u5c3e\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b&#034;\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u653e\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u540e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template &lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\nauto getFirst(Container&amp; container) -&gt; decltype(container.front()) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>auto \u51fd\u6570\u540d(\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868) -&gt; \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u00a0decltype(container.front())\u00a0\u65f6&#xff0c;container\u00a0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001decltype \u6700\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff1a;\u62ec\u53f7\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u8ba9\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>int num &#061; 10;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(num)      a &#061; 20;   \/\/ int<br \/>\ndecltype((num))    b &#061; num;  \/\/ int&amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u62ec\u53f7&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86&#xff01;<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u5bf9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u9075\u5faa\u4e24\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u76f4\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d&#xff08;\u4e0d\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff09;&#xff0c;decltype\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>int num &#061; 10;<br \/>\nconst int count &#061; 20;<br \/>\nint&amp; ref &#061; num;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(num)   \/\/ int<br \/>\ndecltype(count) \/\/ const int<br \/>\ndecltype(ref)   \/\/ int&amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u653e\u5165\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u5e26\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d&#xff0c;\u5982\u00a0(num)&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5219\u6839\u636e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u7c7b\u522b\u6765\u5224\u65ad&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7c7b\u522bdecltype\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>T&amp;<\/td>\n<td>decltype((num))\u00a0\u2192\u00a0int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5c06\u4ea1\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>T&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>decltype(std::move(num))\u00a0\u2192\u00a0int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7eaf\u53f3\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>T<\/td>\n<td>decltype(42)\u00a0\u2192\u00a0int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u00a0num\u00a0\u5355\u72ec\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a&#034;\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u67e5\u8be2&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u5199\u6210\u00a0(num)\u00a0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u00a0decltype((num))\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u00a0int&amp;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>decltype(num)\u00a0\u2192\u00a0int&#xff08;\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u58f0\u660e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>decltype((num))\u00a0\u2192\u00a0int&amp;&#xff08;\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001decltype(auto)&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;14 \u7684\u589e\u5f3a<\/h3>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;14 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u00a0decltype(auto)&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u00a0auto\u00a0\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u548c\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>int num &#061; 10;<br \/>\nint&amp; ref &#061; num;<\/p>\n<p>auto a &#061; ref;              \/\/ int&#xff08;auto \u5265\u79bb\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;<br \/>\ndecltype(auto) b &#061; ref;    \/\/ int&amp;&#xff08;\u4f7f\u7528 decltype \u89c4\u5219&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(auto)\u00a0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u7528\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u00a0auto\u00a0\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u677f\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u7684\u5c3e\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\nauto getFirst(Container&amp; container) -&gt; decltype(container.front()) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;14 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\ndecltype(auto) getFirst(Container&amp; container) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>decltype(auto)\u00a0\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u00a0container.front()\u00a0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u5bb9\u5668\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;vector&gt;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\ndecltype(auto) getElement(Container&amp; container, std::size_t index) {<br \/>\n    return container[index];<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int main() {<br \/>\n    std::vector&lt;int&gt; nums &#061; {10, 20, 30};<br \/>\n    getElement(nums, 1) &#061; 100;  \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539&#xff01;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f int&amp;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; nums[1];       \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 100<\/p>\n<p>    const std::vector&lt;int&gt; const_nums &#061; {10, 20, 30};<br \/>\n    getElement(const_nums, 1) &#061; 100; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef&#xff01;\u8fd4\u56de const int&amp;&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<br \/>\n    return 0;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001decltype(auto) \u7684\u5371\u9669\u9677\u9631&#xff1a;\u60ac\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0decltype(auto)\u00a0\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u62ec\u53f7\u9677\u9631&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(auto) getValue() {<br \/>\n    int num &#061; 10;<br \/>\n    return (num);   \/\/ \u5371\u9669&#xff01;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u00a0(num)\u00a0\u662f\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;decltype(auto)\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u00a0int&amp;&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0num\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u00a0num\u00a0\u662f\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5373\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u60ac\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;dangling reference&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>decltype(auto) getValue() {<br \/>\n    int num &#061; 10;<br \/>\n    return num;    \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de int&#xff08;\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219&#xff1a;\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0decltype(auto)\u00a0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u00a0return\u00a0\u8bed\u53e5\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u53d8\u91cf\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u7a7a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u00a0container.front()\u00a0\u6216\u00a0container[0]\u00a0\u524d\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5bb9\u5668\u975e\u7a7a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\nauto getFirst(Container&amp; container) -&gt; decltype(container.front()) {<br \/>\n    return container.front();  \/\/ \u5982\u679c container \u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff01;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename Container&gt;<br \/>\nauto getFirst(Container&amp; container) -&gt; decltype(container.front()) {<br \/>\n    if (container.empty()) {<br \/>\n        throw std::out_of_range(&#034;\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3a\u7a7a&#034;);<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n    return container.front();<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u63a8\u5bfc\u7ed3\u679c\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4ee3\u7801\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(num)\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0num\u00a0\u662f\u00a0int<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype((num))\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0num\u00a0\u662f\u00a0int<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(count)\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0count\u00a0\u662f\u00a0const int<\/td>\n<td>const int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype((count))\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0count\u00a0\u662f\u00a0const int<\/td>\n<td>const int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(ref)\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0ref\u00a0\u662f\u00a0int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype((ref))\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0ref\u00a0\u662f\u00a0int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(42)<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(num &#043; 10)<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(std::move(num))<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(getValue())\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0getValue()\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0int<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decltype(getRef())\u00a0\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0getRef()\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<h4>\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u53ea\u505a\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u8be2&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u00a0\u2014 \u5b83\u662f\u7eaf\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>auto\u00a0vs\u00a0decltype\u00a0\u2014\u00a0auto\u00a0\u5265\u79bb\u5f15\u7528\u548c const&#xff0c;decltype\u00a0\u5b8c\u6574\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u62ec\u53f7\u9677\u9631\u00a0\u2014\u00a0decltype((var))\u00a0\u662f\u00a0T&amp;&#xff08;\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff09;&#xff0c;decltype(var)\u00a0\u662f\u00a0T&#xff08;\u67e5\u58f0\u660e&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u00a0\u2014 \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 C&#043;&#043;14 \u7684\u00a0decltype(auto)\u00a0\u6216 C&#043;&#043;11 \u7684\u5c3e\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>decltype(auto)\u00a0\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u00a0\u2014 \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u60ac\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h4>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u5f15\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0decltype(auto)\u00a0\u6216\u5c3e\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0decltype((var))\u00a0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5bf9\u5de6\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u907f\u514d\u5728\u00a0decltype(auto)\u00a0\u7684\u00a0return\u00a0\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u59cb\u7ec8\u68c0\u67e5\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u00a0front()\u00a0\u6216\u00a0operator[]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>decltype\u00a0\u662f C&#043;&#043; 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