{"id":100271,"date":"2026-09-04T11:32:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T03:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html"},"modified":"2026-09-04T11:32:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T03:32:55","slug":"%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e8%80%85%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html","title":{"rendered":"\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C++"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f（Observer Pattern）<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355：<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u591a\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

Qt \u7684 signal \/ slot
\n\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7：\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5
\n\u80a1\u7968：\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0
\n\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668：\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u3001\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0
\nMVC：Model \u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 View \u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0
\n\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u8c61\u7ad9：<\/p>\n

\u6c14\u8c61\u7ad9
\n \u2502
\n \u6e29\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316
\n \u2502
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n \u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a \u624b\u673aApp \u62a5\u8b66\u5668<\/p>\n

\u6c14\u8c61\u7ad9\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n

\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u540e\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272：<\/p>\n

1. Subject（\u4e3b\u9898\/\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005）<\/p>\n

\u8d1f\u8d23：<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005
\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005
\n\u5220\u9664\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005
\n\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005
\n2. Observer（\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005）<\/p>\n

\u8d1f\u8d23：<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u77e5
\n\u6839\u636e\u901a\u77e5\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784：<\/p>\n

Subject
\n \u2502
\n notify(<\/span>)<\/span> \u2502
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n ObserverA ObserverB ObserverC<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 C++ \u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

Observer.h
\n#ifndef OBSERVER_H<\/span>
\n#define OBSERVER_H<\/span><\/p>\n

class Observer
\n{<\/span>
\npublic:
\n virtual ~Observer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

virtual void update(<\/span>float temperature)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

#endif<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

update()
\nSubject<\/p>\n

#<\/span>ifndef<\/span> SUBJECT_H<\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>define<\/span> SUBJECT_H<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <vector><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> "observer.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Subject<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>Subject<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> attach<\/span>(<\/span>Observer *<\/span>observer)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n m_observers.<\/span>push_back<\/span>(<\/span>observer)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> detach<\/span>(<\/span>Observer *<\/span>observer)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>auto<\/span> it =<\/span> m_observers.<\/span>begin<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n it !=<\/span> m_observers.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n ++<\/span>it)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>it ==<\/span> observer)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n m_observers.<\/span>erase<\/span>(<\/span>it)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n break<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

protected<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> notify<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>Observer *<\/span>observer :<\/span> m_observers)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n observer-><\/span>update<\/span>(<\/span>temperature)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>vector<<\/span>Observer *<\/span>><\/span> m_observers;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/p>\n

#<\/span>ifndef<\/span> TEMPERATURESENSOR_H<\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>define<\/span> TEMPERATURESENSOR_H<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> "subject.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureSensor<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Subject<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> setTemperature<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n m_temperature =<\/span> temperature;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6e29\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316<\/span>
\n notify<\/span>(<\/span>m_temperature)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

float<\/span> temperature<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> m_temperature;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span>
\n float<\/span> m_temperature =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u70b9\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n

m_temperature = temperature;
\nnotify(m_temperature);<\/p>\n

\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u540e，\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005
\n\u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u5668<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> "observer.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureDisplay<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Observer<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> update<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>cout
\n <<<\/span> "\u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u5668：\u5f53\u524d\u6e29\u5ea6 = "<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> temperature
\n <<<\/span> " \u2103"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> std::<\/span>endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u62a5\u8b66\u5668<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> "observer.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureAlarm<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Observer<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> update<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>temperature ><\/span> 30<\/span>)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>cout
\n <<<\/span> "\u62a5\u8b66\u5668：\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8！"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> std::<\/span>endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <iostream><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> "observer.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureLogger<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Observer<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> update<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span> override<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>cout
\n <<<\/span> "\u65e5\u5fd7：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6e29\u5ea6 "<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> temperature
\n <<<\/span> " \u2103"<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> std::<\/span>endl;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> "temperaturesensor.h"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n TemperatureSensor sensor;<\/span><\/p>\n

TemperatureDisplay display;<\/span>
\n TemperatureAlarm alarm;<\/span>
\n TemperatureLogger logger;<\/span><\/p>\n

sensor.<\/span>attach<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>display)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sensor.<\/span>attach<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>alarm)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n sensor.<\/span>attach<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>logger)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

sensor.<\/span>setTemperature<\/span>(<\/span>25<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

std::<\/span>cout <<<\/span> "—————-"<\/span> <<<\/span> std::<\/span>endl;<\/span><\/p>\n

sensor.<\/span>setTemperature<\/span>(<\/span>35<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n

\u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u5668：\u5f53\u524d\u6e29\u5ea6 = 25 \u2103
\n\u65e5\u5fd7：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6e29\u5ea6 25 \u2103<\/h3>\n

\u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u5668：\u5f53\u524d\u6e29\u5ea6 = 35 \u2103
\n\u62a5\u8b66\u5668：\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8！
\n\u65e5\u5fd7：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6e29\u5ea6 35 \u2103
\n\u4e03\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

TemperatureSensor<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053：<\/p>\n

TemperatureDisplay
\nTemperatureAlarm
\nTemperatureLogger<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u53ea\u77e5\u9053：<\/p>\n

Observer<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4：<\/p>\n

TemperatureSensor
\n \u2502
\n \u2502 \u4f9d\u8d56\u62bd\u8c61
\n \u2193
\n Observer
\n \u2191
\n \u2502
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n\u663e\u793a\u5668 \u62a5\u8b66\u5668 \u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u60f3：<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u62bd\u8c61，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7528 Qt，\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u4e86<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u5e73\u65f6\u5199 Qt：<\/p>\n

connect(button,
\n&QPushButton::clicked,
\nthis,
\n&MainWindow::onClicked);<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

QPushButton
\n \u2502
\n \u2502 clicked
\n \u2193
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n\u7a97\u53e3 \u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf \u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u6309\u94ae\u662f\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\/\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

Qt \u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

signal<\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5：<\/p>\n

signals:
\nvoid temperatureChanged(float temperature);<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e：<\/p>\n

connect(sensor,
\n&TemperatureSensor::temperatureChanged,
\ndisplay,
\n&TemperatureDisplay::update);<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019：<\/p>\n

emit temperatureChanged(temperature);<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001Qt \u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureSensor<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> QObject<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n Q_OBJECT<\/p>\n

public<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> setTemperature<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>qFuzzyCompare<\/span>(<\/span>m_temperature,<\/span> temperature)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n return<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

m_temperature =<\/span> temperature;<\/span><\/p>\n

emit temperatureChanged<\/span>(<\/span>m_temperature)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

signals:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> temperatureChanged<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

float<\/span> m_temperature =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> TemperatureDisplay<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> QObject<\/span><\/span>
\n{<\/span>
\n Q_OBJECT<\/p>\n

public<\/span> slots:<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> onTemperatureChanged<\/span>(<\/span>float<\/span> temperature)<\/span>
\n {<\/span>
\n qDebug<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> "\u5f53\u524d\u6e29\u5ea6："<\/span>
\n <<<\/span> temperature;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fde\u63a5：<\/p>\n

TemperatureSensor sensor;<\/span>
\nTemperatureDisplay display;<\/span><\/p>\n

QObject<\/span>::<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>
\n &<\/span>sensor,<\/span>
\n &<\/span>TemperatureSensor::<\/span>temperatureChanged,<\/span>
\n &<\/span>display,<\/span>
\n &<\/span>TemperatureDisplay::<\/span>onTemperatureChanged
\n)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e：<\/p>\n

sensor.setTemperature(25);<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n

display.onTemperatureChanged(25);
\n\u5341\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u53d1\u5e03-\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u662f：<\/p>\n

Subject
\n \u2502
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Observer1
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Observer2
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Observer3<\/p>\n

Subject \u76f4\u63a5\u6301\u6709 Observer\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

std::vector<Observer *> m_observers;
\n\u53d1\u5e03-\u8ba2\u9605<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3：<\/p>\n

Publisher
\n \u2502
\n \u2193
\nMessageBus
\n \u2502
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\nSub1 Sub2 Sub3<\/p>\n

Publisher \u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u77e5\u9053 Subscriber\u3002<\/p>\n

Qt \u7684 signal\/slot\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u603b\u7ebf\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u603b\u7ebf\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9
\n\u2460 \u89e3\u8026<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

TemperatureSensor<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053：<\/p>\n

TemperatureAlarm<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461 \u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n

Sensor
\n \u2502
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n\u663e\u793a\u5668 \u62a5\u8b66\u5668 \u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462 \u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u4fbf<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u540e\u589e\u52a0：<\/p>\n

TemperatureCloudUploader<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n

class TemperatureCloudUploader : public Observer
\n{
\n\u2026
\n};<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e：<\/p>\n

sensor.attach(&cloudUploader);<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6765\u7684 Sensor \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9
\n\u2460 \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u592a\u591a<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n

Subject
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Observer1
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Observer2
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u2026
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Observer1000<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u5927\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461 \u901a\u77e5\u94fe\u53ef\u80fd\u590d\u6742<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

A\u53d8\u5316
\n\u2193
\n\u901a\u77e5B
\n\u2193
\nB\u53d8\u5316
\n\u2193
\n\u901a\u77e5C
\n\u2193
\nC\u53d8\u5316
\n\u2193
\n\u901a\u77e5A<\/p>\n

\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u901a\u77e5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462 \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf C++ \u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

std::vector<Observer*> m_observers;<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c Observer \u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86：<\/p>\n

delete observer;<\/p>\n

Subject \u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0：<\/p>\n

\u91ce\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n

Qt \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u69fd\u5728 QObject \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5c31\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528？<\/p>\n

\u770b\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316，\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u505a Qt\/C++ \u9879\u76ee，\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1：<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316
\n \u2193
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\nUI \u65e5\u5fd7 \u8bbe\u5907\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u53d8
\n \u2193
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n\u754c\u9762 \u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55 \u62a5\u8b66<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u53c2\u6570\u6539\u53d8
\n \u2193
\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2193 \u2193 \u2193
\n\u56fe\u50cf \u66f2\u7ebf \u53c2\u6570\u663e\u793a
\n\u5237\u65b0 \u5237\u65b0 \u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6：<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f = \u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316，\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728 Qt \u4e2d，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u6210：<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u2193
\nSubject \u2192 signals
\nObserver \u2192 slots
\nnotify \u2192 emit
\nattach \u2192 connect<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u7528 Qt\/C++，\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f（Observer Pattern）
\n\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355：
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u591a\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982：
\nQt \u7684 signal \/ slot
\n\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7：\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5
\n\u80a1\u7968：\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0
\n\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668：\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u3001\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0
\nMVC&#xff1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,190,3905],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-100271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-190","tag-3905"],"yoast_head":"\n\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C++ - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C++ - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f（Observer Pattern） \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355： \u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u591a\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982： Qt \u7684 signal \/ slot \u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7：\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5 \u80a1\u7968：\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u591a\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0 \u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668：\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316 \u2192 \u6e29\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u3001\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0 MVC&#xff1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T03:32:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100271.html\",\"name\":\"\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C++ - 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