{"id":100087,"date":"2026-09-03T22:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T14:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100087.html"},"modified":"2026-09-03T22:01:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T14:01:02","slug":"%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e4%b8%8enew","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/100087.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u4e0enew"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. C++\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n

C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6，\u5185\u5b58\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df：<\/p>\n\n\u5206\u533a\u5b58\u653e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u533a<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801（\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u3001\u53ea\u8bfb\u5e38\u91cf）<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f<\/td>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a<\/td>\n\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5e38\u91cf（const\u5168\u5c40）<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5206\u914d，\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6808\u533a<\/td>\n\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7b49<\/td>\n\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u671f\u95f4<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5806\u533a<\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58（new\/malloc）<\/td>\n\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5e38\u91cf\u533a（\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u533a\u4e2d）<\/td>\n\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001const\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5e38\u91cf<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb，\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1.1 \u4ee3\u7801\u533a<\/h4>\n

\u5b58\u653eCPU\u6267\u884c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4，\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb，\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u5171\u8bfb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684，\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6（\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u542f\u52a8），\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801，\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u7269\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u597d\u5904：<\/p>\n

1.\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f8\u540c\u4ee3\u7801\u6d6a\u8d39\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387：\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u4eab\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u5171\u4eab，\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684，\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5b83，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 \u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a（\u5305\u542b\u5e38\u91cf\u533a）<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf（\u5728\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    static\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf（\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u8fd8\u662f\u5c40\u90e8）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u5c5e\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u533a\u57df（.data\u548c.bss\u6bb5）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8be5\u533a\u57df\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u5e38\u91cf\u533a，\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    int globalVar = 10; \/\/ .data \u6bb5
    \nstatic int staticVar = 20; \/\/ .data \u6bb5
    \nint uninitGlobal; \/\/ .bss \u6bb5，\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/p>\n

    1.3 \u6808\u533a<\/h4>\n

    \u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u91ca\u653e，\u5b58\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb，\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650（\u901a\u5e38\u51e0MB）\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6，\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u538b\u6808，\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u51fa\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f：\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u6808\u533a\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

    \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6808\u533a，\u6808\u533a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream>
    \nusing namespace std;
    \nvoid func()
    \n{
    \nint a = 10; \/\/\u5728\u6808\u533a，\u6267\u884c\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e
    \nreturn &a;\/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740
    \n}
    \nint main()
    \n{
    \ncout << "1" << endl;
    \nint* p = func();
    \ncout << *p << endl;
    \ncout << *p << endl;
    \nsystem("pause");
    \nreturn 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u7ed3\u679c：\u4e71\u7801，\u62a5\u9519<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    void func() {
    \n int a = 5; \/\/ \u6808\u4e0a\u5206\u914d
    \n char buf[100]; \/\/ \u6808\u4e0a\u6570\u7ec4
    \n}<\/p>\n

    1.4 \u5806\u533a<\/h4>\n

    \u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u663e\u5f0f\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e（new\/delete\u6216malloc\/free）\u3002\u82e5\u672a\u91ca\u653e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u6536，\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927，\u4f46\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u8f83\u6162，\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6808\u533a\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740，\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528：\u800c\u5806\u533a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e，\u56e0\u6b64\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

    \u5806\u533a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

    2.5 \u5e38\u91cf\u533a<\/h4>\n

    \u5b58\u653e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548cconst\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u53ea\u8bfb，\u4fee\u6539\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a（\u901a\u5e38\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef）\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    const char* p = "hello"; \/\/ "hello"\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5e38\u91cf\u533a，p\u6307\u5411\u5b83
    \nchar* q = "world"; \/\/ \u5371\u9669：\u4fee\u6539*q\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83，\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528const char*<\/p>\n

    2. new\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n

    new\u548cdelete\u662fC++\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26，\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    2.1 new\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

    (1) \u5206\u914d\u5355\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h5>\n

    int* p = new int; \/\/ \u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316
    \nint* q = new int(10); \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a10
    \nMyClass* obj = new MyClass; \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

    (2) \u5206\u914d\u6570\u7ec4<\/h5>\n

    int* arr = new int[100]; \/\/ \u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316
    \nMyClass* objs = new MyClass[10]; \/\/ \u8c03\u752810\u6b21\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

    (3) \u5b9a\u4f4dnew（placement new）<\/h5>\n

    \u5728\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <new>
    \nchar buffer[sizeof(MyClass)];
    \nMyClass* p = new (buffer) MyClass; \/\/ \u5728buffer\u4e0a\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

    2.2 new\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8enew T（T\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b），\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5927\u81f4\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8c03\u7528operator new(sizeof(T))\u5206\u914d\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5b58（\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u5e38\u8c03\u7528malloc）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u82e5\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f，\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u8c03\u7528T\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8enew T[n]：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8c03\u7528operator new[](sizeof(T) * n + \u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4)，\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570（\u4ee5\u4fbfdelete[]\u77e5\u9053\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4f9d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    operator new\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u8f7d，\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

    2.3 delete\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8edelete p：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8c03\u7528p\u6240\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8c03\u7528operator delete(p)\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58（\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u5e38\u8c03\u7528free）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8edelete[] p：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u6839\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570，\u9006\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8c03\u7528operator delete[]\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2.4 new[]\u4e0edelete[]\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      new[]\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5，\u82e5\u7528delete\u91ca\u653e，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u53ea\u8c03\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u6790\u6784（\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u5730\u5740，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u53cd\u4e4b，new\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528delete[]\u91ca\u653e，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

        int* p = new int[10];
        \ndelete p; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef！\u5e94\u8be5\u7528 delete[] p<\/p>\n

        MyClass* q = new MyClass;
        \ndelete[] q; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef！\u5e94\u8be5\u7528 delete q<\/p>\n

        3. new\/delete\u4e0emalloc\/free\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n\n\u7279\u6027new\/deletemalloc\/free<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\nC++\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/td>\nC\/C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981<cstdlib>\u6216<malloc.h><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u578b\u4e25\u683c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/td>\nvoid*，\u9700\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u629b\u51fastd::bad_alloc\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n\u8fd4\u56deNULL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\/\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td>\n\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td>\n\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u91cd\u8f7d<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7doperator new<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u8f7d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301<\/td>\nnew[]\u81ea\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570<\/td>\n\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ malloc\/free
        \nint* p = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 10);
        \nif (p == nullptr) { \/* \u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25 *\/ }
        \nfree(p);<\/p>\n

        \/\/ new\/delete
        \nint* q = new int[10];
        \n\/\/ \u82e5\u5931\u8d25\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38，\u53ef\u7528try-catch\u6216nothrow\u7248\u672c
        \ndelete[] q;<\/p>\n

        4. \u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n

        4.1 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h4>\n

        \u5206\u914d\u540e\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u8def\u5f84\u3002
        \n\u89e3\u51b3：\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488（std::unique_ptr\u3001std::shared_ptr）\u3001RAII\u3001\u5bb9\u5668（std::vector）\u4ee3\u66ff\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.2 \u91ce\u6307\u9488<\/h4>\n

        \u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740\u3002
        \n\u89e3\u51b3：\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7f6enullptr，\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e；\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488\u4e3anullptr\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.3 \u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e（double free）<\/h4>\n

        \u540c\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u6b21，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3002
        \n\u89e3\u51b3：\u9075\u5faa\u8c01\u5206\u914d\u8c01\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u5219，\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.4 \u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u754c<\/h4>\n

        \u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u3002
        \n\u89e3\u51b3：\u4f7f\u7528std::array\u3001std::vector，\u6216\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.5 \u6df7\u7528new[]\u4e0edelete<\/h4>\n

        \u89e3\u51b3：\u4e25\u683c\u914d\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528，\u7528std::vector\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.6 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \n

          \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528STL\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u82e5\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406，\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5206\u914d，\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u201d\u7684RAII\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u4e3a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u91cd\u8f7doperator new\/delete\u65f6，\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u8f7dnew[]\/delete[]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u4f7f\u7528nothrow\u7248\u672c\u7684new\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u5e38，\u6216\u8005\u7528try-catch\u5904\u7406bad_alloc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          #include <new>
          \nint* p = new (std::nothrow) int[100];
          \nif (p == nullptr) {
          \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25
          \n}<\/p>\n

          5. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

          \u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86C++\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u6a21\u578b，\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u3001\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u533a\u3001\u6808\u533a\u3001\u5806\u533a\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\u533a，\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86new\/delete\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u4f18\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd（\u5982\u51cf\u5c11\u5806\u5206\u914d，\u4f7f\u7528\u6808）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C++\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            1. 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